Intro to Art Review
Elements Principles/What is Art unit – (multiple choice – matching definitions/vocab, short answer)
(Elements and Principles notes) 
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Value / The lightness or darkness or a hue
Cool colors / Remind us of ice or grass
Texture / Refers to the way things feel, or look as though they might feel
Geometric / Shapes that were made with a ruler and have a name
Line / A path of a moving point through space
Shape / An element that refers to a line that connects back to itself
Warm colors / Remind of us the sun and warmth
Form / An object with three dimensions
Organic / Shapes that are NOT regular, or even, they are found in nature
Space / Refers to the area around, between, above, below or within things
Composition / The Plan, placement or arrangement of the elements in a work of art
Rhythm / Repeating the elements to make a work seem active or to suggest vibration
Variety / A principle that is described as using a lot of different elements within one work of art
Movement / A principle that uses the elements to create a look of action or to guide the viewers eye
Balance / A principle that uses the elements so no one part of the work overpowers, or seems heavier than any other part
Emphasis/ A principle that uses the elements to make part of the work stand out
(What is Art? notes) –
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Define “good design”:
A logical (makes sense) and harmonious (goes together well) relationship among all the parts of an artwork
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What is an “aesthetic experience”? List an example of an aesthetic experience you have had that was not related to making or viewing
fine art.
Enjoying something for its own sake. (Not getting something from it – only the memory of doing it or seeing it.)
-Watching a sunset, watching a football game, going camping, playing video games
Explain the “principle of human intention” related to determining if something is considered art.
When something is made with the intention (purpose) of it being viewed as art. (A shirt that is displayed in an art gallery is intended to
be seen as art, not just every-day clothing)
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Who makes the judgments in determining if something is considered art? What sets these people apart from everyone else?
People in the “art world” – They have more training and experience than everyone else.
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Define “fine art”:
Art you see in galleries and museums
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Define “folk art”:
Art produced by amateurs or untrained artists
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Define “commercial art”:
Art you see daily, in newspapers and on T.V.
Clay (clay postcard) – (Drawing examples, multiple choice, fill in the blank)
(Clay Notes) –
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What are Ceramics? (as described in the book)
Things made from clay
What does the term Plastic mean?
The ability to hold together (without breaking) while being shaped
What happens when clay is heated quickly?
When clay is heated quickly, the water trapped inside expands and turns into steam. This rapid
expansion happens with such a
powerful force that the clay explodes and shatters.
List the four ways to form clay.
Pinching, coiling, slab building, molding
What does Leather-Hard mean?
When pressure is applied to clay at this stage it will not easily be distorted
Early potters used four ways to decorate their pottery, draw and label a picture of each process from the description in the book on p.11.
Incising – (carving/cutting), Impressing – (stamping), Combing – (marks made by dragging a tool across the surface), Burnishing –
(rubbing/polishing the surface smooth)
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What is Glaze?
A thin glass-like coating
How does glaze become glassy-looking?
It melts when it is fired at a high enough temperature
How does the glaze stick to the clay?
Fuses to the surface of the clay as it cools and hardens
What is KILN FIRING?
When clay is baked in an enclosed structure like an oven or furnace designed to withstand very high temperatures.
What does Kneading or Wedging do? P. 28
Eliminates air bubbles and keeps the internal structure of the clay more cohesive and consistent.
Color Notes (Color wheel worksheet) – (fill in the blank/short answer)
(Color Scheme Vocabulary) –
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Color Scheme - a combination of related colors that work well together. Examples are: warm, cool, primary, secondary, analogous,
complementary, monochromatic.
Primary Colors - The colors that make up every color that you see. These colors cannot be created by mixing other colors. (Examples:
Red, Yellow, Blue)
Secondary Colors - Colors that are created by mixing two primary colors together. (Examples: Green, Orange, Violet)
Tertiary or Intermediate colors Colors achieved by mixing a Primary and a Secondary color. (Examples: Yellow-Orange, Yellow-Green, Red-Orange, Red-Violet, BlueViolet, Blue-Green)
Warm Colors – Red, Orange, Yellow
Cool Colors – Blue, Violet, Green
Complementary - Colors that are directly across from one another on the color wheel. (Examples: Yellow and Violet, Orange and Blue,
Red and Green)
Analogous - Colors that are next to one another on the color wheel and share a hue. (Examples: Blue-Green, Green, Yellow-Green: RedViolet, Red, Red-Orange: Blue-Violet, Violet, Red-Violet etc…)
Monochromatic - Tints and Shades of one color (hue).
Adding white creates “Tints” of the original color
Adding black creates “Shades” of the original color.
Landscape painting – (fill in the blank, drawing example of how to show distance)
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Five ways to show distance and the description of what they mean. (know how to draw these)
a. Overlapping (placing objects in front/behind one another)
b. Atmospheric perspective (farther away = lighter)
c. Linear perspective (using vanishing points)
d. Positioning (farther back = higher up)
e. Size of objects (farther away = smaller)
Photography/Photoshop – (short answer explaining tools/steps, multiple choice, draw examples)
(History of Photography notes) –
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1826 – JOSEPH NIEPCE = first person to take a PERMANENT photograph - The first permanent photo took 8 hours to make/develop
1839 – The first “Daguerreotype” photograph is taken. Important because instead of taking hours to process, the Daguerreotype
photograph would take only a few MINUTES to create.
1850s – MOBILE PHOTO STUDIOS - photographers would travel through the countryside of Europe and America. All chemicals and
materials would have to be brought with you, and developed in the field
1860s – The American Civil War was photographed using mobile photo studios (first time people at home saw war happening)
1888 – Kodak’s slogan is “You Press the BUTTON, We do the REST”.
(They would send cameras to customers, the camera would be sent back after all the photos were taken, and Kodak would develop
pictures in the factory and then send back the pictures)
1924 – The first 35 MM camera came out. (Much smaller, and less bulky. Made it much easier to bring a camera on the go. Much faster
for taking photos.)
(Know which Photoshop tools you used, and be able to explain how they worked/what they do)
Weaving unit (coil basket) – (multiple choice, label diagram)
(Weaving notes) –
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All coil baskets spiral outward and upward
All have a flexible “coil” beginning at center of basket
Weft/Warp - Warp (the skeleton of the basket) - Weft (the fibers that wrap around
the warp “skeleton” fibers)
Oldest known Native American craft
Northeast Woodlands - Pounded ash splints or braided sweet grass
Southeast Woodland - Geometric designs in natural colors
Southwest - Colorful & very geometric
Northwest Coast - Swamp grass – harvested and dried ( 6 mo process) Wetting the
grass as it is weaved
Inuit & Coastal - Inuit: whale baleen baskets - Uses the fiber filtering plates from the
mouth of the Baleen Whale
Northern & Plains - Little weaving involved, more stitching - Parfleche – rawhide
containers & painted
Screen printing – (multiple choice, matching definitions to vocabulary words)
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A logo is:
 Describable - (easy to describe to someone)
 Memorable - (can easily remember what it looks like)
 effective without color - (It doesn’t matter which colors it is printed in – you can always see and understand it)
 scalable - (will work when very small or very big)
 relevant - (makes sense for the industry it’s representing)
(Screen printing materials vocabulary) –
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Stencil : a design cut into plastic or wax material to allow the ink to flow through just that area.
Screen: Mesh supported by a wood or metal frame.
Squeegee: Device used to push ink through the screen
Registration: crosshairs used to line up the paper for the printing area
Ink: a paint-like substance that stays wet longer and is thicker than paint.
Bleeding - This occurs when ink that is printed migrates outside of its printed area into surrounding areas
Drawing (tessellations, still life) – (drawing/shading examples, multiple choice)
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Know how to shade a form using a given light source
Contour line drawing: An artistic technique. The artist sketches the
contour of a subject by drawing lines that result in a drawing that is
essentially an outline; the French word contour meaning, “outline.”
A tessellation is created when shapes are repeated over and over again
covering a plane, with no gaps in the design
M.C. Escher – artist known for his tessellation drawings