• Get out a sheet of paper and letter it A
through E
Can you label the pieces?
A
B: splits
hemispheres
E
C
D
White matter MRI imaging
Impulses originating in the right hemisphere are often
processed in the left, and vice versa.
The Cerebral Cortex
Cerebrum
divided into
four lobes –
named for
the skull
bones that
cover
them…
Functional areas
• Sensory areas for input for different kinds of
sensory information
• Motor Areas: control voluntary motions
• Association areas – integrate input with
information from other parts of the brain
Functional areas of the lobes
• Frontal lobe—conscious thought; problem
solving, decision making, learning, speech,
motor cortex.
• Intellect, personality
• Damage can result in mood changes, social
differences, etc.
• most uniquely human of all the brain
structures.
Functional areas of the lobes
•
•
•
•
Parietal lobe—integrating sensory information
manipulation of objects
visuospatial processing
Speech and reading, touch, language, taste,
attention
Functional areas of the lobes
• Occipital lobe—sense of sight; lesions can
produce hallucinations
Functional areas of the lobes
• Temporal lobe—senses of smell and sound, as
well as processing of complex stimuli like faces
and scenes.
• Memory!
• Motor cortex – send commands to skeletal
muscles, respond to sensory stimuli
• Somatosensory cortex – receives and partially
integrates signals from touch, pain, pressure,
and temperature receptors throughout the
body.
Homunculus = little man
• Proportion devoted to a particular part of the
body is correlated to the relative importance
of information for that part of the body.
Phantom limb syndrome
Premotor cortex
•
•
•
•
Skilled/planned movement
Use of abstract rules to perform tasks
Spatial guidance of movement
?
Somatosensory association area
• Integrates sensations with meaning
• Taps into memories
• Olfaction is closely linked to emotions
Broca’s Area
• Special motor speech area
• Directs muscles of the tongue, throat and lips
• Speech production
Wernicke’s Area
• Sounding out words
• Associated with written and spoken language
• Damage to this area = can read, but does not
attach meaning to words
Memory: hippocampus
Memory: amygdala
Limbic System
• Emotions
• Memory
• Motivation