Linux
overview
Architecture
Desktop: Gnome, KDE,etc
X Windows: Motif, Open Look, X.Org
Shell: Korn, Bourne, C, Bash
Kernel
File
system
Characteristics
multiuser
 multitask,
 multithread
 concurrency
 built-in networking (NFS)
 32/64 - bit OS
 UNIX like
 Intel, Mac, Mainframes

Graphical user interface

Visual tour of the GNOME Desktop







Desktop
System Settings
Search local
Software Center
File Manager
Text Editor
Terminal
Some applications

Internet




Libre Office




Firefox
Thunderbird
gFTP
Word processor
Spreadsheet
Presentation
Tools




Screen capture
PDF viewer
Graphical editor
Calendar/organizer
Linux at the shell prompt
You need to open a terminal
 System prompts

Korn, Bash and Bourne Shells:
 C Shell: %
(root #)
 Linux: uses the bash shell


Commands
login, logout
 news, passwd, who, finger, talk
 man
(basic help)
 to interrupt Ctrl-C
 cat, more

$
Files and directories

File concepts
filenames: up to 14 digits, one word including _ and .
e.g.: test_program and sales.report.1
 case sensitive bold is not BOLD
 types: ordinary, directories, special devices and links
 pathnames: /home/abento/select.html
common names: usr, users, bin, etc
full and relative


Basic file commands in Linux
How to obtain a directory listing: ls and ls -al
 How to create, remove, change to, and present working
directory: mkdir , rmdir , cd , pwd.
 How to copy, move, delete, type: cp , mv , rm -i , cat

Reading a directory output
an example
permis links Owner
-rwxr-xr-x
-rw------lrwxr-xr-x
-rwx-----drwx--x--x
drwxr-xr-x
drwxr-xr-x
-rwx--x--x
-rw------drwx------rw------drwxr--r-drwx------rw-------
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
1
2
1
8
9
1
abento
abento
root
abento
abento
abento
abento
abento
abento
abento
abento
abento
abento
abento
Group
faculty
faculty
sys
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
faculty
size date
95
4294
42
32802
512
512
512
1179748
312652
512
957
512
512
2162
Aug
Mar
Aug
Oct
Aug
Aug
Sep
Aug
Jun
Aug
Jun
Aug
Aug
Oct
time
2
2
3
16
21
3
18
23
21
3
16
3
3
18
14:13
1995
09:11
17:56
12:20
09:11
14:54
14:00
16:05
09:11
17:00
09:11
09:11
17:09
filename
UBmail*
Wp60
SoftWindows
Xdefaults.swin*
ais.dir/
axhome/
dumpster/
hcl95.hlp*
lviewp1b.zip
mail/
osref.books
pub/
root/
select.html
File type: - ordinary, d directory, l symbolic link, b block, c special
character, p piped.
Permissions: r read, w write, x execute (O, G,W)