http://www.tcns.org/images/leininger.gif
Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Angela Ditmar, Tara Holden, Angela McColl, Julie Saladin
• The purpose of this presentation is to define Madeline
Leininger’s theory of transcultural care, define how her theory
can be used for evidence based practice, define the four
metaparadigm concepts according to Leininger’s theory, and
describe how Leininger’s theory can improve the health care
environment locally, regionally, and globally.
Leininger and Evidence Based Practice
3 prongs
of EBP
Figure 1 Model of cultural competency and EBP. Data from Cross, Bazron, Dennis and
Isaacs (1989).
This equals PATIENT CENTERED CARE
The foundation of nursing, or metaparadigm, is based on four basic concepts which
include: person, environment, health and nursing. (Black, 2014).
Leininger’s definition:
“A state of well-being that is culturally
constituted, defined, valued, and practiced by
individuals or groups that enables them to
function in their daily life” (Leininger, 1991,
pp. 46-49).
“The totality of an event, situation and life
experiences that give meaning and order to
guide human expressions and decisions within
a particular setting, situation, or geographic
area”(Leininger, 1991, pp. 46-49).
“Care is the essence of nursing and the
distinct, unifying and essential
phenomenon of nursing” (Leininger,
1998).
Leininger believed that nursing involves
assisting patients in a way that fosters
cultural values and beliefs.
Treating the person or the “human” should
mean considering more than just the
individual, but looking at the groups of
people surrounding that person.
(Leininger, 1998).
We live in a time that is rich in diversity. Globalization has
become a fact of life.
• Migration
• Technology
References
Cross T., Bazron, B., Dennis, K., & Isaacs, M. (1989). Towards a culturally competent system of care,
volume I. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Child Development Center, CASSP
Assistance Center
Engebretson, J., Mahoney, J., Carlson, E.D., (2008). Cultural Competence in the Era of
Evidence-Based Practice. Journal of Professional Nursing. Volume 24 (Issue 3).
Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2007.10.012
Leininger, M.M. (1988). Leininger’s theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and universality. Nursing
Science Quarterly, 1, 152-160.doi: 10.1177/89431848800100408
Leininger, M.M. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. (pp. 44-45). New
York, NY: National League for Nursing Press.
Leininger, M.M. (1996). Culture theory, research, and practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 9, 71-78. doi:
10.1177/089431849600900208
Photograph of Madeleine M. Leininger. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.tcns.org/images/leininger.gif
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