Nomenclature
Naming Compounds
Ionic Compounds
• Metal bonding with non-metal
• One atom gains electrons, one atom loses
electrons
• Exist as ions with full highest energy levels.
• Are held together in a giant crystal by the
electrostatic attraction of the opposite
charges.
• The metal is named first; the nonmetal gets
“ide” at the end of it’s name.
• Ex. CaCl2 Calcium chloride
-
+ - ++
+
+ - +-
+ -
-
There is no real
bond between the
ions. There is just
strong attraction
between the
opposite charges.
Writing Ionic Formulas
• Determine the charge on each ion.
• Find the lowest common multiple that will
balance the charge.
ex. Calcium Chloride
Ca+2
Cl+2 x2=-2 (to balance the charge)
CaCl2
Try these
Metal & Non-metal
Sodium phosphide
Magnesium telluride
Lithium chloride
Barium carbide
Strontium arsenide
Ionic Compounds part II
• The transition metal is named first
with a Roman numeral to indicate the
charge on the ion; the nonmetal gets
“ide” at the end of its name.
What is the name of CuO ?
We know that oxygen has a charge of –2.
Therefore, copper must have a charge of
+2.
We must indicate the charge of the
transition metal.
Copper (II) oxide
Try these:
Transition Metal & Non-metal
Fe3N2
NiBr3
CoCl2
HgI
SnS2
Try these:
Transition Metal & Non-metal
Fe3N2
Iron was multiplied by 3 and nitrogen (-3)
was multiplied by 2 (-6) so that the
charges would balance.
The charge on Iron must have been +2.
Iron (II) nitride
Try these:
Transition Metal & Non-metal
NiBr3
The charge (from the periodic table) on Br
is –1.
Br was multiplied by 3 (hence the
subscript), so the charge on Nickel MUST
be +3.
Nickel (III) Bromide
Try these:
Transition Metal & Non-metal
CoCl2
The charge (from the periodic table) on Cl
is –1.
Chlorine was multiplied by 2 (hence the
subscript), so the charge on Cobalt MUST
be +2.
Cobalt (II) Chloride
Try these:
Transition Metal & Non-metal
HgI
The charge (from the periodic table) on I is
–1.
Iodine was not multiplied by anything (no
subscript), so the charge on Mercury
MUST be +1.
Mercury (I) Iodide
Try these:
Transition Metal & Non-metal
MnO2
The charge (from the periodic table) on O
is –2.
Oxygen was multiplied by 2 (hence the
subscript), so the charge on Manganese
MUST be +4.
Manganese (IV) Oxide
Formula writing with
transition metals
Simple!
ex. Nickel (II) Iodide
The charge on the nickel ion is
obviously +2.
The charge on iodide is always -1.
Therefore, the formula is: NiI2
Ionic Compounds part III
• Bonding with a Polyatomic ion
• The metal is named first; the polyatomic
anion is named second (a polyatomic
cation is named first).
Ex. Li3PO4 Lithium phosphate
Polyatomic Ions that
we use in science 10:
OH-1
SO4-2
NO3-1
CO3-2
PO4-3
NH4+1
ClO3-1
hydroxide
sulfate
nitrate
carbonate
phosphate
ammonium
chlorate
Try these:
Polyatomic Ion
NaOH
K2SO4
Ba(NO3)2
CuCO3
Li3PO4
NH4Cl
Try these:
NaOH
K2SO4
Ba(NO3)2
CuCO3
Li3PO4
NH4ClO3
Sodium Hydroxide
Potassium Sulfate
Barium Nitrate
Copper(II) Carbonate
Lithium Phosphate
Ammonium Chlorate
Writing Formulas
Calcium sulfate
Potassium carbonate
Ammonium hydroxide
Iron (III) chlorate
Copper (I) phosphate
Zinc sulfate
Ionic Bonding
vs
Molecular Bonding
Makes "Compounds” vs
Transfers electrons vs
Metals & Nonmetals vs
Positive & Negative vs
Weak Bond
vs
NaCl KOH CaCl2
vs
Makes "Molecules"
Shares electrons
Made of Nonmetals
Neutral
Strong bond
H2O CO2 NH3 CH4
Molecular Compounds
Prefixes
• Non-metals bond with
non-metals.
• Atoms share electrons.
• The number of each atom present
is indicated by a prefix.
• Add “ide” to the end of the second
atom’s name.
Mono
Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
Octa
Nona
Deca
ex.
N2O
dinitrogen monoxide
NO
nitrogen monoxide
N2O3
dinitrogen trioxide
NO2
nitrogen dioxide *
N2O4
dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O5
dinitrogen pentoxide
ex.
N2O
dinitrogen monoxide
NO
nitrogen monoxide
N2O3
dinitrogen trioxide
NO2
nitrogen dioxide
N2O4
dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O5
dinitrogen pentoxide
*
* When the first atom is singular, the prefix
“mono” is not used.
Try These:
Non-metal & Non-metal
SO3
XeF6
KrF2
BrCl5
SCl4
PF3
As4O10
N2O3
sulfur trioxide
xenon hexafluoride
krypton difluoride
bromine pentachloride
sulfur tetrachloride
phosphorus trifluoride
tetrarsenic decoxide
dinitrogen trioxide
Writing Formulas
• Write each atom’s symbol with a
subscript equal to the prefix.
Ex.
Hexaphosphorus tribromide P6Br3
Pentatellurium mononitride Te5N
Try these
dinitrogen pentasulfide
carbon monoxide
heptasulfur trioxide
xenon hexafluoride
trisulfur hexafluoride
phosphorus pentachloride
nitrogen monoxide
dibismuth trichloride
Try these
dinitrogen pentasulfide
carbon monoxide
heptasulfur trioxide
xenon hexafluoride
trisulfur hexafluoride
phosphorus pentachloride
nitrogen monoxide
dibismuth trichloride
N2S5
C0
S7O3
XeF6
S3F6
PCl5
NO
Bi2Cl3