•
Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS]
govern science and human society.
•
Rights to life, liberty and property
•
Fair societies based on reason
•
Theory of “Divine Right” monarchy
challenged
•
•
•
•
Voltaire
Rousseau
Montesquieu
Locke

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A sudden, radical or complete change
A fundamental change in political
organization; especially the overthrow
or renunciation of one government or
ruler and the substitution of another by
the governed.
An activity or movement designed to
effect fundamental changes in the
socioeconomic situation; synonym, see
Rebellion
The Boston Massacre
Rule by the British Crown
The Boston Tea Party
Loyalist Strongholds
Exports & Imports: 1768-1783
American Exports, To & From
Britain: 1783-1789
Independence!
Resistance
•
Day-to-Day Activities
•
Runaways/Maroons
•
Revolt/Rebellion
Read and analyze
the Declaration
of Independence
Preamble.
Where do you see
connections to
Enlightenment
ideas?


Second Estate
Third Estate


Liberal – wanted to
limit state power;
sought economic
reforms
Radical – wanted
wider voting rights;
advocated for lower
classes



National Assembly
Passes New
Constitution that:
Limited the power of
the monarchy
Restructured French
politics and society
•National Convention and
Robespierre - 1792
•Radical “Mountain” faction
•Committee of Public Safety
•Reign of Terror



Robespierre
executed
More conservative
constitution passed
New executive
authority: The
Directory



Emperor
Military Talent
French Empire



Dark blue:
French states
Light blue:
satellite states
Green: allies



attacked privileged
institutions more
promoted the idea
of nationalism, or
intense loyalty to
the state
extended Manhood
suffrage
Read and analyze
the Declaration of
the Rights of Man
and Citizen.
Where do you see
connections to
Enlightenment
themes?
What similar
themes do you see
in the Declaration
of Independence?

Whites (5%) 30,000




2% Grande (antiFrench Revolution)
3% Petite Grande –
white artisans &
business owners)
Creoles (5%)
28,000
Black slaves (90%)
500,000



Whites: French
Dominance (Read Rights
are not for Everyone)
Creoles: Their lack of
Political Rights
Black Slaves:
Enslavement (Read The
French Code Noir, JeanMarie d’Augy’s
statement, and Motto of
the Slave Revolt)





FRANCE
Independence from
France
Creole Leadership
Freedom for Black
Slaves
Isolation (Egerton,
Geggus)
Instability
Creoles



Spanish
Dominance
Creoles: discontent
at being left out of
government jobs
and trade
concessions
Simon Bolivar &
Jose de San Martin


Napoleonic Invasion
of Spain and
Portugal
Napoleon is a
diversion and a
model
Independence
Read Bolivar's
Jamaica Letter
Poverty: wars disrupted trade
Caudillo control
Feuds among leaders
The social hierarchy continued from
the past
 Conservatives favored the old social
order
 Liberals wanted land reform
 Dependence on foreign nations for
capital and for economic
investments




The Caribbean:
An “American Lake”




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
US dominated affairs in the
Americas
1823 – Monroe Doctrine
US takes Texas and Mexican
Cession
US gains independence for Cuba
Roosevelt Corollary – US will police
the Americas
US sent troops to Cuba, Haiti,
Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua
US built Panama Canal – “Yankee
imperialism”
Economic Imperialism