China and European Imperialism
I.
The Manchu Dynasty (1644-1912)
a. Founding of the Dynasty
i. Manchu were settled nomads, the ________________, from Manchuria
ii. Rebelled against Ming =>
iii. Claimed Mandate of Heaven =>
b. Ethnic tension in the Manchu Dynasty
i. Manchu were ethnically Jurchen
ii. Most of China were ethnic ____________
iii. This meant …
c. Extent of Empire
i. At height, ______ million square miles
ii. Expanded into …
II.
19th Century Foreign Pressure
a. Problems facing Manchu
i. Economic stagnation =>
ii. Population explosion =>
iii. Antique governmental systems …
iv. Isolation from rest of world, esp. ______________________
b. Contact with European Countries
i. 1793: ___________________ attempted alliance with Manchu (refused)
ii. After 1815, world trade, dominated by Europeans, expanded quickly
1. Massive potential of …
2. China trade goods =>
3. Chinese demanded silver bars in payment =>
4. Britain, French didn’t want to …
5. Instead, Brits, French exported opium into China =>
c. First Opium War (1838-1842)
i. Manchu government outlawed opium in China
ii. British government declared war
1. Royal Navy …
2. British army, with rifles and artillery…
iii. Treaty of Nanking
1. Demanded reparations ( _______________________________ ) for British losses
2. Unrestricted access to …
3. Annexed ________________________________ as British city
b. Second Opium War (1856-1860)
i. British tried to re-negotiate Treaty of Nanking =>
ii. Chinese were …
iii. Treaty of Tianjin
1. All official Chinese documents to be …
2. British warships given unlimited access …
3. _________________________________ activity allowed
4. Opium importation …
III.
The Empress Dowager and the Boxer Rebellion
a. Tsu Hsi started as peasant concubine of emperor (1850-1861)
i. Very …
ii. Became _______________ when Emperor died because …
iii. After son died in 1874, she continued to rule =>
iv. Known as “__________________________” and the “____________________________”
v. Focused her reign on keeping China …
b. Boxer Rebellion (1900)
i. Righteous Harmony Society (Boxers)
1. Native Chinese focused on …
2. Included …
3. Empress Dowager attempted to …
ii. German ambassador murdered by ______________________ in Beijing
1. European delegations besieged …
2. European nations and America …
iii. European and American troops conquered Beijing
1. Dowager Empress …
2. Treaty ending fighting was harsh =>
IV.
End of the Manchu Dynasty
a. After death of Empress Dowager in 1908, ________________ emperor took over
b. Regent Council established =>
c. 1912: child emperor forced to __________________________
d. Ended …