Elbow
Nathan Duncan & Katelyn Maley
Surface Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Cubital fossa
Lateral epicondyle
Surface Anatomy
Olecranon
● Radial Styloid Process
● Carrying angle:
○ 10-15
degrees
● Ulnar Styloid Process
Humerus
-The largest bone in UE
-Articulates with scapula at
glenohumeral jt
-Articulates with radius & ulna at
the elbow jt
Humerus
Ulna
-Medial & Longer of the two forearm
bones
-”Stabilizing” bones of forearm
Radius
-Lateral & Shorter of the two
forearm bones
Bone Landmarks of
Radius & Ulna
Biceps Brachii
Origin: Short head: Corocoid
process Long Head:
supraglenoid tubercle of
scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and
bicipital aponeurosis
Nerve: Musculocutaneous
Roots: C5-C6
Biceps Brachii: Synergists, Antagonists and
ACTION
Action:
Supinates forearm, with forearm
supinated flexes forearm, long head flexes arm
Synergists:
Supination: Supinator
Forearm Flexion: Brachialis, Brachioradialis
Arm Flexion: Coracobrachialis, Anterior Deltoid
Antagonists:
Pronation: Pronator Teres and Quadratus
Forearm Extension:
Triceps Brachii
Arm Extension: Long Head of Triceps, Posterior
Deltoid, Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps Brachii
Origin: Long Head: Infraglenoid
tubercle Lateral Head: Posterior
Surface of Humerus superior to radial
groove Medial Head: Posterior
surface of humerus inferior to radial
groove
Insertion: Proximal end of olecranon
process
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Roots: C6-C8
Triceps Brachii
Action: Extension of the forearm, Long head extends arm, resists dislocation
Synergist:
Forearm Extension: Anconeus
Arm extension: Posterior Deltoid
Antagonist:
Forearm Flexion: Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Biceps Brachii
Arm Flexion: Biceps Brachii, Anterior Deltoid
Brachialis
Origin: Distal ½ of anterior surface
of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process and
ulnar tuberosity
Nerve: Musculocutaneous
Roots: C5-C6
Brachialis
Action: Flexes forearm
Synergist:
Forearm Flexion: Biceps brachii, Brachioradialis
Antagonist:
Forearm extension: Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral supra-epicondylar
ridge of humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end
of radius
Nerve: Radial
Roots: C5-C7
Synergists: Biceps brachii, brachialis
Antagonist: Triceps Brachii
Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligament
Insertion: Lateral, posterior, and proximal ⅓ of radius
Action: Supinates forearm
Nerve: Radial nerve
Roots: C7 and C8
Synergist: Supination: Biceps brachial
Antagonist: Pronation: Pronator teres,Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
Origin: Ulnar head: Coronoid process of Ulna
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Middle of lateral surface of radius
Action: Forearm pronation and flexion
Nerve: Median nerve
Roots: C6 & C7
Synergist: Pronation: Pronator quadratus Flexion: Biceps brachii, brachialis,
Brachioradialis
Antagonist: Supination: Supinator, Biceps brachii Extension: Triceps brachii
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
Action: Pronates forearm, binds ulna and radius together
Nerve: Anterior intereousseous nerve
Roots: C8, T1
Synergist: Pronation: Pronator teres
Antagonist: Supination: Supinator, Biceps brachii
Radial Collateral Ligament
-Lateral, fan-like
-Extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus & blends distally w/ annular ligament
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
-Consists of three bands: Anterior, Posterior, Oblique
-Extends from medial epicondylitis of humerus to corocoid process & olecranon
Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Interosseous Membrane
-Fibrous sheet between radius & ulna
-Serves as attachment site for muscles
Articular Cartilage
-Smooth, white tissue that covers
the ends of bones where they
come together to form joints
-Covers the end of the ulna, radius
& humerus
Articular Capsule
-Fibrous capsule which
completely lines joint
-Synovial membrane
underneath
Bursae
-Subcutaneous Olecranon
-Subtendinous Olecranon
-Intratendinous Olecranon
NERVES
Median Nerve
Radial Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
ARTERIES
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Arteries (continued)
Posterior
Interosseous
artery
Anterior
Interosseous
artery
Recurrent
Interosseous
artery?
Veins of the Elbow
-Cephalic
-Basilic
-Median Antebrachial
-Median Cubital
-Brachial
CLINICAL CONCERN
Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis): Is a general term for pain caused to the
outside of the elbow.
The most common cause is overuse or repetitive strain caused by repeated extension or bending back of the wrist
against resistance. Gripping heavy objects like a manual screwdriver, weight training or handling bricks will also
cause tennis elbow.
Treatment:
Ice and Rest
Tennis elbow brace
Exercises/Stretching
E stim
Massage