Unit 1: Kingdom Plantae
Chapters 21-23
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What are the
characteristics
of Plants
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▪
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▪
▪
▪
All plants are photosynthetic.
All plants are multicellular.
All plants are eukaryotic organisms.
All plants can reproduce sexually.
Have cellulose in cell wall
Has kinda roots, stems and leaves
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How do plants
reproduce
▪ All plants have a sexual life
cycle called alternation of
generation where the
gametophyte and sporophyte
generation look different
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What is
Alternation
of
Generation
▪ A haploid(1N) multicellular gametophyte produces
gametes that join in fertilization to form a zygote (2N)
▪ Zygote (2N) develops by mitosis into a diploid (2N)
sporophyte
▪ Sporophytes then produce haploid spores (1N)
▪ When released, these spores (1N) are released and then
develop into (1N) gametophytes
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Where did
plants come
from
▪ Land plants evolved from green algae of
the Division Chlorophyta that lived in
ancient oceans or ponds
▪ they developed roots, stems and leaves
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Evolution
▪ Earliest known plant from fossil
record is of genus Cookonsia
MESOZOIC
CENOZOIC
Origin of plants
Gymnosperms
(e.g., conifers)
Seedless vascular plants
(e.g., ferns, horsetails)
Bryophytes (e.g., mosses)
Charophyceans (a group of green algae)
PALEOZOIC
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Early vascular plants
Radiation of
flowering plants
First seed plants
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(1)
Non-vascular plants (e.g., mosses)
What are have no system for transporting water or
nutrients.
the 2
(2)
Vascular
plants
have
a
system
types of
through which they can transport water
Terrestrial and nutrient throughout the plant. This
Plants
allowed the plants to be taller and live
further from water.
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Describe Non
Vascular
Plants
▪ Division Bryophyta probably arose from a
line of plants that had vascular tissue
▪ Some have nonfunctioning stomata
▪ Don’t grow large because no vessels
▪ Need water for gametes to swim
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▪ Class Hepaticae
Provide
examples of
Division
Bryophyta
▪ Liverwort
▪ Class Musci
▪ Moss
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▪ small (non vascular)
▪ does not have true roots, stems, leaves (no vessels)
▪ “leaves” radiate out from stalk and trap H2O (some
store)
What are
▪ rhizoid (root like structures) absorb water
Bryophyte
▪ live close to the ground
Characteristics ▪ waxy cuticle on outer surface
▪ live in moist areas because the sperm have flagella
▪ Alternation of Generation (gametophyte is dominant)
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▪ flat, hairy rhizoids underneath.
What are ▪ live in shady, moist areas
Liverworts
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What are
mosses
▪ short, upright, anchored by rhizoids
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What are the
roles and uses
of bryophytes
Role
▪ habitat for many small creatures
▪ rebuilding soil (primary succession)
Uses
▪ soil conditioners
▪ peat moss
▪ medicine
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How do
Bryophytes ▪ Nonvascular plants the gametophyte is
the larger and more long-lived phase of
reproduce
the sexual life cycle
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