Computer Anatomy
Chin-Sung Lin
Eleanor Roosevelt High School
The Visible Part:
Computer Hardware
What is a Computer?
Main Memory
Input
Microprocessor
Storage
Output
What is a Computer?
What is a Computer?
System Unit
Motherboard
Back Panel Interface
PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse
Connectors
PS/2 Mouse
PS/2 Keyboard
Audio Connectors
Line In
Audio Out
Microphone In
VGA Connectors
HDMI Connectors
USB and Ethernet Connectors
Ethernet
USB
Serial and Parallel Ports
25-pin Parallel Port
9-pin Serial Port
ATX Connector
IDE (PATA) Connector
SATA Connector
Advanced Graphics Port (AGP)
PCI Slot
Motherboard Interface
Motherboard
Processor
Processor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Select
A
B
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Select
A
B
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Motherboard Chipset
Motherboard Chipset
Cache Memory
Level 2 Cache Memory
Memory Hierarchy
Memory Hierarchy
Memory
72-pin SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module)
168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)
Hard Drive
Hard Drive Capacity
Hard Drive Capacity
Solid State Drive (SSD)
Power Supply Unit
Motherboard
The Invisible Part:
Computer Software
Software Layer Structure
Operating System
Desktop Operating System
Mobile Operating System
Types of Operating Systems
Single-user, single-tasking
Single-user, multi-tasking
Multi-user, multi-tasking
Real-time operating system
Single-User Single-Tasking
Single user can effectively do one
thing at a time.
Also know as Embedded operating
systems.
Used in personal digital assistants
(PDAs) and mobile phones.
Single-User Multi-Tasking
Typical desktop and laptop operating systems
such as Windows and Mac OS.
Single user can run several programs at the
same time.
Multi-User Multi-Tasking
A multi-user operating system simultaneously
allows many different users (hundreds or even
thousands) to take advantage of the computer's
resources.
Unix, MVS, VMS are examples.
Real-Time OS (RTOS)
The fastest OS which are used in time-critical
environments/applications.
Control machinery, scientific instruments,
industrial systems, sophisticated medical
equipment, airport traffic, space flights and high
speed aircraft.
Operating System
Operating System
Functions of Operating Systems
System Bootup
Application Program Loading
Hardware Resource Management
Memory Management
File System Management
Security
User Interface
Future Technology
Mobile Computing
Cloud Computing
Neuromorphic Chips
Quantum Computer
Q&A