MYOPIA
WHAT IS THE SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS (MYOPIA)
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Nearsightedness (myopia) - a disease in which a
person is ill distinguish objects located in the far
distance. When myopia is not necessary to image
a specific area of the retina, and arranged in a
plane in front of it. Therefore, it is perceived by us
as fuzzy. This happens due to the mismatch forces
the optical system of the eye and length. Usually
when myopia increased size of the eyeball (axial
myopia), although it can also occur as a result of
excessive force refracting apparatus (refractive
myopia). The greater the discrepancy, the more
short-sightedness.
THE CAUSES OF MYOPIA
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Myopia is very common. According to statistics, more than 1
billion people in the world suffer from myopia.? The reasons
for the development of myopia most often are:
The irregular shape of the eyeball - when the length of the
anteroposterior axis of the eye more than the norm, and the
light rays focus, just do not reach the retina. When the
elongated shape of the eyeball occurs stretching back of the
eye, and a state of the visual system can cause changes in
the fundus (degenerative changes in the macular area,
retinal detachment, myopic cone, etc.).
Too strong refraction of light rays by the optical system of the
eye (lens, cornea). The dimensions of the eye are normal, but
due to the strong refractive optical unit converges the light
rays to focus in front of the retina, rather than in it.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
The hereditary factor. According to experts, is not inherited by
poor eyesight, and physiological predisposition. As well as,
for example, hair color, eyes, face shape, inherited the size of
the eyeball or the refractive properties of the lens. At risk is
primarily fall into those with both parents suffer from this
disease. The presence of myopia only one parent reduces
the risk of myopia in a child by an average of 30%.
Attenuation scleral tissue increases the size of the eyeball
under high intraocular pressure (18-24 mm. Hg. V.) And as a
consequence, contributes to the development of myopia.
The primary weakness of accommodation, leading to
compensatory stretching of the eyeball.
Weakening of the body as a result of malnutrition, overwork, a number
of diseases. Such as:
disorders of the musculoskeletal system: flat feet, scoliosis, and so on.
etc .;
allergic and infectious diseases: measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria,
tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, etc .;
birth injuries;
brain trauma;
diseases of the nasopharynx and oral cavity: tonsillitis, sinusitis,
adenoids;
rickets;
general decline in immunity.
Unfavorable conditions of visual work
excessive strain on the eyes, eyestrain;
reading in moving vehicles, in darkness, in the supine position;
many hours sitting at the computer, TV;
inadequate lighting;
wrong landing during reading, writing.
CONGENITAL MYOPIA
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According to statistics, 80% of
children are born hyperopia
(having a good distance vision,
near poor). This state of the
visual system due to short
anteroposterior axis of the
orbit of the newborn (16-18
mm). In the future, the growth
and the child and the eyeball,
hyperopia gradually decreases
and some of the children goes
into myopia.
HOW TO DETERMINE THE SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS
OF THE CHILD?
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As you know, in the early stages of development, many
diseases can be treated much better, this also applies to
short-sightedness. A child can not complain about you to
what he sees bad, because he simply does not know the
difference between "seeing bad" and "good to see."
Therefore, if you notice that your child gets tired easily
when reading, low bending over a book or notebook,
periodically complains of headaches, often blinks, rubs
his eyes cams - seek medical attention immediately
ophthalmologist! Remember that only a specialist can
diagnose the disease in time and appropriate treatment!
PREVENTION OF IRREGULAR VISUAL HABITS
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But in addition to all parents should deal with the prevention
of irregular visual habits in their children. Teach them to sit
at a desk. Take care that during the light fell on the book or
notebook evenly, at the same time the head and face are to
remain in the shadows. It is best to engage with a desk
lamp, leaving the general lighting. This is especially
important at night. Should be avoided tilt the child's head
close to the subject of work, it is better for distance visual
activity - 30-35 cm. It is desirable to exclude from the field of
view of the child during various glare or reflecting surfaces.
Habit to read lying down may be the one of the more
provocative myopia factors. Need to take a break after every
30-35 minutes of work at the desk (for younger students 20-25 minutes), during which you can eat, perform exercises
for the eyes, exercise, workout or just relax.
PREVENTION OF MYOPIA
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Life in the modern metropolis is
impossible without such creature
comforts as a computer, TV. But
they are the most adversely affect
the condition of view. According to
the World Health Organization is
currently about 1 billion people in
the world wear glasses or contact
lenses, ie. E. Have certain eye
problems, and that one in six
people!
Adhering to the simple rules, you
can pause the progression of
myopia.
OBSERVE THE CORRECT MODE OF VISUAL
WORK
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During prolonged and intense visual work at close,
a fixed distance is several times reduces the
frequency of blinking. Corneal surface "dry", the
tear film is updated less frequently. Arising out of
the burning, pain in the eyes, dryness, discomfort the first signs appeared "dry eye syndrome". In this
continuous voltage of the visual apparatus, called
"spasm of accommodation" slows down or even
stagnation of the necessary metabolic processes
in the structure of the eye and, as a consequence,
the development of myopia.
PAY ATTENTION TO LIGHTING
One of the necessary conditions for the normal visual work - good and,
most importantly, properly chosen lighting. It is important to
remember that the light on the desktop must be installed so that it is
comfortable for your eyes. It should not be too bright, so as not to
dazzle you, but not too dark to work in the eyes did not experience
excessive surge. It is desirable that the lighting was uniform, except
discomfort when glancing from brighter to darker subject. The most
expedient combination of local and general light, as when using only
local lighting it could not provide the necessary uniformity. ? If you
work in an office, you should use mixed lighting - daylight and
artificial. It is desirable that the luminous flux is not perceived by the
eye as separate. The lack of differences in light would be ideal for eye
health. Also, try to exclude from the field of view during various glare
or reflecting surfaces.
DO NOT READ IN THE TRANSPORT AND LYING
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During the ride in the truck due to irregularities in
the road, and when reading lying under the
influence of breath, palpitations, trembling hand
book (magazine) and the reader's eyes are in
constant motion relative to each other. As a result
of the eye by means of accommodation unit has to
constantly adjust to the object of observation at all
times been in the focus of the maximum
distinction that leads to the rapid exhaustion of
the visual system, and at length - a spasm of
accommodation. Distance to the book, magazine,
newspaper should be 30-40 cm.
PERIODICALLY MAKE EYE EXERCISES
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Look at the tip of the nose, on the 1-4, and then move the
view of the score 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
Look at your index finger, removed from the eye at a distance
of 25-30 cm, and the 1-4 zoom in to the tip of his nose, then
move the eye into the distance on the 1-6. Repeat 4-5 times.
Zazhmurte eyes tightly for a few seconds, then open them
and look into the distance. Repeat 4-5 times.
Keep your head straight. Blink, close your eyes and sit quietly
for about 5 seconds. Repeat 4-5 times.
Look out the window at a very distant object and inspect it
for 10 seconds. Move the view of the palm. Repeat 6-10
times.
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It is important to remember that at any age
need to strengthen the body, move more, eat
right, spend free time outdoors.