Bones and Joints 1
The Skeletal System
• Bone is a tissue, a living material made up of cells,
and is it full of capillaries.
• The skeletal system is made up of bones which are
connected to each other by joints.
• Almost all bones have at least one joint. Muscles are
fibres that have the ability to contract so that we can
move our bodies and internal organs.
• All these elements make up the musculoskeletal
system whose function it is to allow us to perform
movement.
4 types of bones based on shape
Type of bone
Example in body
Main Function in body
Long Bones
Femur, humerus.
work with muscles to move body
parts, storage, support, blood
production.
Short bones
Tarsals, carpals, clavicle work with muscles to move body
parts, storage
Flat bones
Sternum, cranium,
scapula
Irregular Bones The vertebrae,
mandible, Iliac.
Protect organs, blood production
Support, blood production,
movement
General Structure of the Human Body
A. 3 Anatomical regions of the
body:
1.Head
2.Trunk
3.Limbs
15
16
17
18
19
Bone
shape
1. Humerus
long
2.Radius
Long
3.Ulna
Long
4.Femur
Long
5.Fibula
Long
6.Tibia
Long
7.Cranium
Flat
8. Mandible
Irregular
9. Clavicle
Short
10.Scapula
Flat
11.Sternum
Flat
12. Rib cage
13. Vertebrae
14. Iliac bone (Pelvis)
Long
Irregular
Irregular with flat regions
15.Carpals
Short
16.Phalanges
Long
17.Patella
Short
18.Tarsals
Short
19.Phalanges of the foot
Long
• How many bones are there in the human
skeleton?
• How many bones in
a newborn’s skeleton?
• Why the difference?
• How many bones are there in the human skeleton? 206
• How many bones in
a newborn’s skeleton?
270
• Why the difference?
During development,
your bones fuse
together
Give examples of bones that fuse during
development.
• http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/
em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000112&pti
d=17
Where are your organs in relation to your
skeletal system?
The Skeletal System
Function
– forms an internal, living framework that
• provides shape and support
• protects internal organs
• moves body
• forms blood cells
• stores calcium and phosphorous compounds
for later use
Joints
• Definition:
– Any place where two or more bones come
together
Joints
• Kept far enough apart by a thin layer of
cartilage so that they do not rub against each
other as they move
– When this happens it can cause swelling at the
joint and create symptoms of arthritis.
• Bones are held in place at joints by a tough
band of tissue called ligament
Types of Joints
• Fixed
– Skull
– Pelvis
• Semi-movable
– Vertebral column
• Moveable
–
–
–
–
Pivot
Ball & socket
Hinge
Gliding
Types of Joints
•Ball and Socket Joint
•Bone with a
rounded end that
fits into a cuplike
cavity on another
bone
 ex: shoulder joint:
scapula to humerus
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
Types of Joints
•Pivot Joint
•One bone
rotates in a ring
of another bone
that does not
move
ex: radius and
ulna
http://www.funhousefilms.com/b-pivot2.jpg
ex: neck joint
Types of Joints
•Hinge Joint
•Back-and-forth
movement like
hinges on a door
 ex: elbow joint
(humerus into
radius)
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
Type of Joints
•Gliding Joint
•One part of
a bone slides
over another
bone
 ex: carpals
into
metacarpals
http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
Video- joints
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecRoUeL5
k6E
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW39zM9ohE