Drugs and Consciousness
DO NOW
1. Which of the following is NOT a theory of
dreaming?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Dreams facilitate information processing.
Dreaming stimulates the developing brain.
Dreams result from random neural activity.
Dreaming is an attempt to escape from social
stimulation.
e) Dreaming demonstrates our advanced cognitive
processing.
DO NOW
2. Those who consider hypnosis a result of social
influence would claim:
a) Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness.
b) Hypnotized people are simply acting out a role
as instructed by an authoritarian figure.
c) Acts done while under hypnosis are unique to
hypnosis.
d) Brain waves actually change hypnotized patients.
e) All of the above.
DO NOW
3. Melinda dreams that her boyfriend pushes her in front
of an oncoming car. Her psychoanalyst suggests that the
dream might symbolize her fear that her boyfriend is
rushing her into sexual activity prematurely. The analyst
is using the storyline of Melinda’s dream, or __________
content, to determine the underlying meaning, or
__________content.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
manifest; latent
dissociated; overt
latent; manifest
overt; manifest
latent; dissociated
Quick video on SLEEP
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1et5Ng
T6bQ
Drugs and Consciousness
• Our brain is protected
by a layer of capillaries
called the blood-brain
barrier.
• The drugs that are small
enough to pass through
are called psychoactive
drugs.
Drugs and Consciousness
 Psychoactive Drug
 a chemical substance that
alters perceptions and mood
 Physical Dependence
 physiological need for a drug
 marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
 Psychological Dependence
 a psychological need to use a drug
 for example, to relieve negative emotions
Dependence and Addiction
Big
effect
Drug
effect
 Tolerance
 diminishing effect
with regular use
Response to
first exposure
 Withdrawal
After repeated
exposure, more
drug is needed
to produce
same effect
Little
effect
Small
Large
Drug dose
 discomfort and
distress that follow
discontinued use
Drugs are either….
• Agonists – mimic the
effects of
neurotransmitters
• Antagonists – block the
brain’s
neurotransmitters
Agonists and Antagonists
Psychoactive Drugs – 4 categories
 Depressants
 drugs that reduce neural activity
 slow body functions
 alcohol, barbiturates, opiates
 Stimulants
 drugs that excite neural activity
 speed up body functions
 caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine
1. Depressants
• Slows down body
processes.
• Alcohol
– most harmful drug in
the US
– involved in 60% of ALL
crimes
– involved in over 70% of
sexually related crimes
2. Stimulants
• Speed up body
processes.
• More powerful ones
(like cocaine) give
people feelings of
invincibility.
Cocaine Euphoria and Crash
Stimulants
• Methamphetamines
– Before Meth – 1998
– “Faces of Meth”
After - 2002
3. Hallucinogens
• Also called psychedelics.
– Create a loss of contact with reality.
– produce sensory or perceptual distortions called
hallucinations
Examples
– LSD
– PCP
– MDMA (Ecstasy)
– Ketamine
– Marijuana (THC)
4. Opiates
– decreases neural
activity and highly
addictive
– acts as an analgesic or
pain reliever
– Examples
•
•
•
•
Morphine
Heroine
Methadone
Codeine
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007
Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)
DO NOW
2. Dan has recently begun using an addictive,
euphoria-producing drug. Which of the
following will probably occur if he repeatedly
uses this drug?
a. As tolerance to the drug develops, Dan will experience
increasingly pleasurable “highs.”
b.The dosage needed to produce the desired effect will
increase.
c. After each use, he will become more and more elated.
d.Dependence will become less of a problem.
e. None of the above.
DO NOW
1.
Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?
a. Caffeine
b. Amphetamines
c. Methamphetamines
d. Nicotine
e. Opiates
1. The most common daydreaming themes are typically related to sex, the conquering hero, or the __________________.
a. Superstitious superhero
b. Suffering martyr
c. Antagonistic villain
d. Weeping victim
e. None of the above.
1. Dan has recently begun using an addictive, euphoria-producing drug. Which of the following will probably occur if he
repeatedly uses this drug?
a. As tolerance to the drug develops, Dan will experience increasingly pleasurable “highs.”
b. The dosage needed to produce the desired effect will increase.
c. After each use, he will become more and more elated.
d. Dependence will become less of a problem.
None of the above.
Today’s Agenda
• Module 15: Hypnosis and Meditation
– Practice Test
– Multiple Choice
– Matching
• Review answers
• Module 16: Drug Use – Highs & Lows
– Same as Module 15
• Review answers
Module 15: Practice Test WORD BANK
• Treating psychological •
disorders
• Meditation
•
• Controlling pain
•
• Mantra
• Hypnosis
• Reducing smoking
Assisting in law
enforcement
Ineffability
Improving athletic
performance
Module 16: Practice Test WORD BANK
• Psychologically
based
• Cocaine
• Rohypnol
• Hallucinogens
• Addictive drugs
• Narcotics
• Intoxication
• Caffeine
• LSD, acid
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Amphetamines
Binge drinking
MDMA (ecstasy)
Biologically based
Depressants
Stimulants
Methadone
Barbiturates
Psychoactive drugs
Alcohol
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alcoholics
Opiates (narcotics)
Nicotine
Methamphetamines
Morphine
Marijuana
Heroine