Biology 4B:
Ecology
Week 2
Ms. Darlak
Warm-up 04/29
List of 10 Cards from the Predator game
that you can remember.
 Now CIRCLE the ones that made their
own food and UNDERLINE the ones that
ate other animals.
 What do we call the circled organisms?

PRODUCERS, AUTOTROPHS

What do we call the underlined ones?
CONSUMERS, HETEROTROPHS
Agenda 05/16
Review Food Chain Vocabulary
 Food Web Poster p.3
 Help Sessions After School

Tues: Standard 1B Genetics
 Wed: Standard 2B Natural Selection
 Thurs: Standard 3B Evolution

PRODUCER
Herbivore
Primary
Consumer
Predator
Prey
Omnivore
Secondary
Consumer
Predator
Carnivore
Tertiary
Consumer
DECOMPOSER
Food Web p. 3
Requirements:
 Must use all of the organisms on the cards from the Predator
game.
 Arrows connecting the organisms should follow flow of energy,
example, plant to elk.
 Posters should be neat and easy to follow
 Use name of the animal and a quick sketch.
 Put your name on the back of the paper
 Card List: bobcat, raccoon, death & decay, squirrel, snake,
shrew, hawk, owl, plant-eating insects, preying insects, frogs &
toads, spider, millipede, centipede, bird on ground, bird on twig,
bird on leaf, bird on truck, turtle, opossum, earthworm, mole,
mice, ferns, buds & twigs, grass, fungi, bark, fruit, leaves, nuts,
herbs, seed, skunk, bear, rabbit, porcupine, deer, fox.
Warm-up
04/30

Using this food web:
What are the producers?
 What are the consumers?
 What are the herbivores?
 What are the carnivores?

Agenda 04/30
Trophic Levels & Energy Transfer p.9
 Finish Food Webs
 Help Sessions After School

Tues: Standard 1B Genetics
 Wed: Standard 2B Natural Selection
 Thurs: Standard 3B Evolution

Standard 4B: Ecology
Explain how energy and chemical elements pass through systems. Describe how elements
are combined and recombined in different ways as they cycle through the various levels of
organization in biological systems.
Proficiency Levels
Description

Exceeds
25%




Meets
75%


Given a set amount of energy for the primary producers,
students will be able to analyze a food web to calculate the
amount of energy found at each trophic level, showing the
amount of energy retained from the primary, secondary and
tertiary consumers, as well as the amount of energy lost due to
inefficiency, heat, and metabolic processes.
Students will be able to define the terms abiotic and biotic
factors and identify them in an ecosystem, carbon cycle and
nitrogen cycle.
Students will be able to identify/explain the difference
between nitrogen fixation and denitrification.
Students will be able to diagram and label the water cycle.
Students will be able to diagram and label the movement of
carbon through the 4 major environmental reservoirs
(atmosphere, water, land and subterranean).
Students will be able to explain the importance water, carbon,
nitrogen and phosphorus play in living organisms.
Students will be able to explain how energy is transferred and
lost in a food chain, food web and energy pyramid.
Ecology
The study of the
interactions between
organisms and their
environment.
A marine
food web
What’s wrong
with this Food
Web?
What are trophic levels and energy pyramid?
An energy pyramid is a graphical model of energy flow in a
community through different groups of organisms that might
compose a food chain. From the bottom-up, they are as
follows:
Producers — bring energy from nonliving sources into the
community
Primary consumers — eat the producers, which makes
them herbivores or omnivores
Secondary consumers — eat the primary consumers,
which makes them carnivores or omnivores
Tertiary consumers — eat the secondary consumers
In some food chains, there can be a fourth consumer level,
and rarely, a fifth.
Fifth Trophic Level
Forth Trophic Level
Third Trophic Level
Second Trophic Level
First Trophic Level
Energy Pyramids p.9
Energy Pyramid p.9
Label the following:
 Each Trophic Level (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th)
 Where each of these belong:





Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Where would you find these:

Autotrophs, heterotrophs, herbivores,
carrnivores, omnivores.
Energy flows through ecosystems
sun
secondary
consumers
(carnivores)
primary consumers
(herbivores)
producers (plants)
loss of
energy
loss of
energy
sun
Inefficiency of energy transfer

Loss of energy between levels of food chain

To where is the energy lost? The cost of living!
17%
growth
only this energy
moves on to the
next level in
the food chain
energy lost to
daily living
33%
cellular
respiration
50%
waste (feces)
Ecological Pyramid

Loss of energy between levels of food chain

can feed fewer animals in each level
10
100
1000
10,000
sun
Trophic Levels & Energy Pryamid
90% of energy is lost at every level
% lost
1 unit of energy
90%
90%
lost
lost
90%
90% lost
lost
90% lost
90% lost
10 units of energy
100 units of energy
1,000 units of energy
10,000 units of energy
10 % of energy is passed to next Level
THE 10 % RULE
Food Web p. 3
Requirements:
 Must use all of the organisms on the cards from the Predator
game.
 Arrows connecting the organisms should follow flow of energy,
example, plant to elk.
 Posters should be neat and easy to follow
 Use name of the animal and a quick sketch.
 Put your name on the back of the paper
 Card List: bobcat, raccoon, death & decay, squirrel, snake,
shrew, hawk, owl, plant-eating insects, preying insects, frogs &
toads, spider, millipede, centipede, bird on ground, bird on twig,
bird on leaf, bird on truck, turtle, opossum, earthworm, mole,
mice, ferns, buds & twigs, grass, fungi, bark, fruit, leaves, nuts,
herbs, seed, skunk, bear, rabbit, porcupine, deer, fox.
4th
Level
Bio Warm-up 05/01
3rd Trophic
Level
Primary Consumers
HERBIVORES
2nd Trophic Level
PRODUCERS
1st Trophic Level
What trophic level do
producers always occupy?
What type of consumer
always occupies the 2nd
Trophic Level?
Agenda 05/01
Standard Check
 Biotic vs Abiotic p. 10
 Food Web Posters (LAST DAY in class)
 Homework:


Consumers p.7
• Draw a picture of each doing their job

Help Sessions After School
Wed: Standard 2B Natural Selection
 Thurs: Standard 3B Evolution

Standard Check
FERRET
OWL
MOLE
SPIDER
MOUSE
RAT
NEMATODES
ANT
FLY
GRUB
MUSHROOM
GRASS
FERN
TREE
Warm-up 05/02

Name as many processes from the
water cycle as you can in the next 2
minutes.
Agenda 05/02
Homework Check p.7
 P2 Biotic & Abiotic
 Water Cycle p. 11, 12, 16
 Help Sessions After School


Thurs: Standard 3B Evolution
Standard 4B: Ecology
Explain how energy and chemical elements pass through systems. Describe how elements
are combined and recombined in different ways as they cycle through the various levels of
organization in biological systems.
Proficiency Levels
Description

Exceeds
25%




Meets
75%


Given a set amount of energy for the primary producers,
students will be able to analyze a food web to calculate the
amount of energy found at each trophic level, showing the
amount of energy retained from the primary, secondary and
tertiary consumers, as well as the amount of energy lost due to
inefficiency, heat, and metabolic processes.
Students will be able to define the terms abiotic and biotic
factors and identify them in an ecosystem, carbon cycle and
nitrogen cycle.
Students will be able to identify/explain the difference
between nitrogen fixation and denitrification.
Students will be able to diagram and label the water cycle.
Students will be able to diagram and label the movement of
carbon through the 4 major environmental reservoirs
(atmosphere, water, land and subterranean).
Students will be able to explain the importance water, carbon,
nitrogen and phosphorus play in living organisms.
Students will be able to explain how energy is transferred and
lost in a food chain, food web and energy pyramid.
Abiotic and Biotic
Factors in the
Environment
Biotic
ALIVE
All plants and animals
Abiotic
NON-LIVING
Water, Weather, Rocks, Temperature,
Sunlight
For each picture pick
2 living (biotic)
and
2 non-living
(abiotic) things
Standard 4B: Ecology
Explain how energy and chemical elements pass through systems. Describe how elements
are combined and recombined in different ways as they cycle through the various levels of
organization in biological systems.
Proficiency Levels
Description

Exceeds
25%


Given a set amount of energy for the primary producers, students will be
able to analyze a food web to calculate the amount of energy found at
each trophic level, showing the amount of energy retained from the
primary, secondary and tertiary consumers, as well as the amount of
energy lost due to inefficiency, heat, and metabolic processes.
Students will be able to define the terms abiotic and biotic factors and
identify them in an ecosystem, carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle.
Students will be able to identify/explain the difference between nitrogen
fixation and denitrification.
 Students will be able to diagram
and label the water cycle.

Meets
75%


Students will be able to diagram and label the movement of
carbon through the 4 major environmental reservoirs
(atmosphere, water, land and subterranean).
Students will be able to explain the importance water, carbon,
nitrogen and phosphorus play in living organisms.
Students will be able to explain how energy is transferred and
lost in a food chain, food web and energy pyramid.
Water Cycle Clip
The sun is
When a cloud
warming the
gets full it
surface of the
begins to
water.
rain.
This is vapour
The water
This
is
called
The
Water is a
calleddown and
cools
Water
Cycle
liquid.
precipitation.
forms
As
the clouds.
water This
is condensation.
gets
warmer
The warm water
it changes
changes into a gas
and begins to
called water vapour
evaporate.
and rises up.
Water Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation
Let’s recap…..
The water warms up and begins
to evaporate.
Water vapour rises.
When the vapour cools down
it causes condensation.
Rain begins to fall. This is
called precipitation.
More Vocabulary
Sublimate
 Evapotranspiration
 Percolation

Water Cycle
Class/Homework
Read and color p.12
 Fill in vocabulary p.16


On a separate piece of paper, answer
questions for water cycle on p.11
Warm-up 05/03


If the plants started out with 87,000 energy units,
how much energy is in this level?
What are all the possible labels for this organism?
Quadrinary
Consumer,
Heterotroph,
Carnivore
870
8,700
87,000
Agenda 05/03
Homework Check p.16
 Food Web Wrap p.3
 Biogeochemical Cycles

Food Webs

Last Touch:

Add humans on your Food Web.
FOOD WEB p.3
Biotic = Density Dependent
Abiotic = Density Independent
1.
An invasive insect species that likes to
eat the bark off a number of plants has
been introduced to the Forest.
BIOTIC (DD)- the original number of insects and
the original number of trees will cause different
results
Biotic = Density Dependent
Abiotic = Density Independent
2.
The Mad Cow virus that has been
found in Elk now has been
discovered in deer too.
BIOTIC (DD)- the original number of Elk and the
original number of deer will cause different results
Biotic = Density Dependent
Abiotic = Density Independent
3.
Perfect weather and climate conditions
has created a bumper seed year where
plants can produce up to 50% more
seeds than they have in past years.
ABIOTIC (DI)- the original number of trees does
not effect the outcome
Biotic = Density Dependent
Abiotic = Density Independent
4.
Oregon Department Fish Wildlife
starts a campaign to remove bobcats
from the state. Bounties of $100 will
be rewarded for bobcat tails and no
hunting license and tags are
required.
BIOTIC (DD)- the original number of Bobcats will
effect the results
Biotic = Density Dependent
Abiotic = Density Independent
5.
New utility poles are scheduled to go
up all around the state replacing old
ones that were found to cause
problems to birds of prey such as
hawks. The new poles will have
perches and new design makes it safe
for Hawks and other birds of prey to
use them for perching and nesting on.
ABIOTIC (DI) the original number of hawks does
not effect the outcome
Ecosystem Inputs
energy flows
constant
input
of energy
through
nutrients cycle
Matter
cannot
Don’t
forget
the
laws of or
be created
Physics!
destroyed
biosphere
nutrients
can only
cycle
inputs
 energy
 nutrients
Biogeochemical Cycles
HTTP://YOUTU.BE/09_SWPXQYMA
Carbon Cycle Processes

Photosynthesis


CO2 + H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + O2
Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + O2 →CO2 + H2O + energy
Decomposition
 Combustion


CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O + energy