THE PLANT KINGDOM
Without me, you’ll die!
What is a Plant?
• Multicellular eukaryotes that are
photosynthetic autotrophs
• Cell walls made of cellulose
• Store surplus carbohydrates as
starch
• Mostly terrestrial
Taxonom
• Plants are divided
y two groups
into
• Based on the
presence or absence
of an internal
transport system for
water and dissolved
materials
• Called Vascular
System
Vascular Bundles
3
Vascular System
• Xylem tissue carries water and
minerals upward from the roots
• Phloem tissue carries sugars made
by photosynthesis from the leaves
to where they will be stored or used
• Sap is the fluid carried inside the
xylem or phloem
MAIN TYPES OF PLANTS
Vascular
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seed-bearing Plants
Naked-seeded
Seeded
Nonvascular
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
NON-VASCULAR
Nonvascular Plants
Sporophyte stage
• Do not have
vascular tissue for
support or
conduction of
materials
• Called Bryophytes
• Require a
constantly moist
environment
Gametophyte
Stage
Moss Gametophytes &
Sporophytes
7
Nonvascular Plants
• Plants can’t grow as tall
• Cells must be in direct contact with
moisture
• Materials move by diffusion cellto-cell
• Sperm must swim to egg through
water droplets
• Contains rootlike structure called
rhizoids
Nonvascular Plants
mosses
liverworts
hornworts
(Bryophyta)
(Hepaticophyta)
(Anthocerotophyta)
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Alternation of Generations
• Occurs in life cycle of all plants
• Haplodiplontic
• One generation is a
multicellular haploid condition
and the next is a multicellular
diploid condition
Gametes
• Archegonia (FEMALE)
• Produce eggs
• Antheridia (MALE)
• Produce sperm
• When water is available, sperm
swim to the eggs
MAIN TYPES OF PLANTS
Vascular
Seedless Vascular Plants
Seed-bearing Plants
Naked-seeded
Seeded
Nonvascular
Moses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Features of Vascular Plants
• Dominate sporophyte
• Specialized conducting cells
• Distinctive body form
–Meristem
• Shoots
• Roots
Main Parts of Vascular Plants
• Shoots
-Found above ground
-Have leaves attached
- Photosynthetic part of
plant
• Roots
-Found below ground
-Absorb water & minerals
-Anchor the plant
20
Vascular Plants
• Also called
Tracheophytes
• Subdivided into
two groups -Seedless
vascular plants
and Seedbearing vascular
plants
Club Moss
21
Seedless Vascular
Plants
club moss
(Lycophyta)
horsetails
whisk ferns
ferns
(Sphenophyta)
(Psilophyta)
(Pterophyta)
22
Club Moss
Seedless Vascular Plants
Whisk ferns
Horsetai
ls
Ferns
BIO is LIFE