Course Name
Advanced SONET-SDH
Course Number
LS 121 106
Course Duration
2 days
Course Description
This course provides advanced SONET/SDH and DWDM topics
Course Objective
This course provides you with comprehensive technical details in
SONET/SDH and DWDM. Upon completion of this course, the
attendees will be able to:
 Understand Digital Voice and Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
(PDH)
 Understand Transmission Hierarchies
 Understand Digital Network Synchronization
 Explore Benefits and Features of SONET/SDH
 Compare and Contrast STS-1 SPE and AU-3
 Understand Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
 Understand Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADMs)
 Understand Digital Cross-Connects (DCCs)
 Explore the evolution of Timing and Synchronization
 Understand SDH and Tributary Multiplexing
Target Audience
This course is designed to provide a detailed knowledge on
SONET/SDH
for
or
technical
managers,
consultants,
communications professionals, software engineers, system
engineers, network professionals, and IT professionals
Prerequisites
SONET/SDH/DWDM Fundamentals is recommended
Course Modules
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Digital Voice and Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
Digital Network Synchronization
Network Timing and Synchronization Concepts
PDH Relationships and Network Elements
Frequency Justification
Limitations of PDH
SONET/SDH: Protocols and Concepts
Benefits and Features of SONET/SDH
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Evolution from PDH to SONET/SDH Plesiochronous Networks
Building-Block Signals
Unifying SONET and SDH
Frame Structures
Overhead Functions
SONET/SDH Rates and Architectures
Details of Pointer Processing
Pointer Adjustment, Positive and Negative Justification
Pointer Errors
SONET/SDH Path Overhead and Payload Mappings
Compare and Contrast STS-1 SPE and AU-3
Compare and Contrast STS-3c SPE and AU-4
DS-3 Mapping into STS-1 SPE and VC-3
E-4 Mapping into STS-3c SPE and VC-4 TUG-3 and TU-3
Virtual Tributary / Tributary Unit Group
Pointers and Payload Mappings
Tandem Connections
ATM Cell Mapping
Packet over SONET Mapping
10G Ethernet over SONET
Limitations of Octet HDLC in High Bit Error Ratio (BER)
Environments
Simplified Data Link (SDL) Protocol
SONET/SDH Network Elements and Applications
Terminal Multiplexers (TMs)
Functional Block Diagram of TMs
Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
APS Details:
Linear APS, 1+1, 1:n, 1:1, Bidirectional, and Unidirectional
Revertive and Non-Revertive
Meaning and Operation of K1 and K2 Bytes
Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADMs)
Functional Block Diagram of ADMs
Types of Rings, Ring and Span APS
UPSR and BLSR, MS-USHR, Virtual Rings, SNCP, MS-SP Ring,
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and MS-DP Ring
Limitations of TDM Rings and Methods to Resolve Them
Digital Cross-Connects (DCCs)
The Role DCCs in Rings, Meshes, and Virtual Rings
Next Generation Digital LoopCarrier (NGDLC)
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs)
SONET/SDH Interfaces on Switches and Routers
Synchronizing SDH and SONET
Evolution of Timing and Synchronization
Virtual Container
Regenerator Section Overhead
Multiplex Section Overhead
Higher-Order Path Overhead (VC-4/VC-3)
Lower-Order Path Overhead (VC-2/VC-1)
Anomalies, Defects, Failures, and Alarms
Error Performance Monitoring
Pointers
Payload Pointers
Positive Pointer Justification
Negative Pointer Justification
SONET/SDH Multiplexing
SDH Tributary Multiplexing
Tributary Unit Group TU Multiframe
TU Payload Pointer Automatic Protection Switching
Multiplex Section Protection, K1/K2 Bytes
1+1 Protection 1:N Protection
SONET/SDH Telecommunications Standard Primer
SONET/SDH Multiplexing
SONET/SDH Signal Hierarchy
Network Generic Applications
Network Generic Applications: Equipment and Uses
Cross-Connect Types
Trends in Deployment
Network Design
SDH Timing Compensation
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SDH Network Management
SDH Performance Monitoring