Digital
Electronics
 Digital
electronics, or digital (electronic) circuits,
represent signals by discrete bands of analog levels,
rather than by a continuous range. All levels within a
band represent the same signal state. Relatively
small changes to the analog signal levels due to
manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or
parasitic noise do not leave the discrete envelope,
and as a result are ignored by signal state sensing
circuitry.
 In
digital devices, there re only two values, usually
referred to as 0 and 1.
1
- there is a voltage (usually 5 volts)
 0 – means there is no voltage or 0 volts.
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
 An
electrical layout etched on thin, small,
layers of semiconductor materials,
incorporating or integrating various
components inside, with the result of
having a single device perform a
particular function.
Advanatges of ICs
It
can incorporate several
functions and circuitry in
one small thin rectangularshaped object.
It has low power
consumptions.
Disadvantages of ICs
 When
it becomes damaged, you cannot
repair it. You have to replace it.
 It is sensitive to static electricity. It can
easily be damaged by it.
 The sensitivity of IC makes it important to
provide the proper packaging and
storage for it.
Families of ICs
 ICs
can be classified into many groups,
and the ones below are groupings of the
various integrated circuits:



Number of components
Packaging
Function
Types of ICs - Function
 General
-
Purpose ICs
Some ICs were designed for ordinary use.
 Hybrid
-
ICs
Created by some who would like to combine
functions of several general purpose ICs and put
them in a single IC.
 Application
Specific Intergrated Circuits (ASIC)
The entire purpose of this device will be placed in
one chip.