Chapter 16 Study Guide Answers
Habeas corpus – right of accused person to a hearing before being jailed – Lincoln suspended this in many states
during the war
Blockade runner – Confederate ships that broke through the Union blockade
Peace Democrat – became known as “copperheads” because of copper pennies they wore on their shirts – were in
favor of negotiating peace with the Confederacy
Bull Run- first major battle – at Manassas, VA – both sides realized this will be a long and costly fight
Hampton Roads – (Virginia) Battle between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia (Merrimack)
Shiloh – First Union victory in the west – April 6 & 7, 1862 – bloodiest battle up to that point
Antietam – bloodiest single day – used by Lincoln to take a stand against slavery
Gettysburg – Lee’s second attempt at a Northern invasion - Began when Confederates were looking for shoes – July
1-3, 1863
Vicksburg – important Confederate strong hold on the Mississippi Rv. – after a month long siege it fell to the Union
on July 4, 1863
Petersburg – Nine month siege – resulted in Union being able to capture Richmond
Appomattox Court House – sight of Lee’s surrender to General Grant on April 9, 1865
William Tecumseh Sherman – Union General who led famous “March to the Sea” from Atlanta to Savannah
Ulysses S. Grant – General for Union forces in the west then later given command of entire Union army – sometimes
called “unconditional surrender Grant” – secured Mississippi Rv for the Union – favored by Lincoln who said “I need
that man, he fights”
George Meade – Union commander at Gettysburg
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – Confederate hero at the First Battle of Bull Run – wounded at Chancellorsville and
later died from infection
George B. McClellan – appointed commanding general of the Union forces after the first Battle of Bull Run
Robert E. Lee – Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia
Clara Barton – served as a nurse and founded the American Red Cross
Emancipation Proclamation - signed and went into effect on Jan. 1, 1863 – freed slaves in the Confederate states
only
Question answers: See your study guide for the original questions
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South was fighting on their own land
Reunite the Union
Leave slavery alone were it already existed but do not let it spread to new territories
Union – Washington D.C.; Confederate – Richmond, VA
48 counties in western VA organized themselves and voted to secede from VA in 1861
. Gain control of the Tennessee and Mississippi River
7. Served as spies, nurses, cooks, worked in factories, and some disguised themselves as men to fight
8. Felt that is was a rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight – there was a riot in NY City
9. Lee realized that further fighting would not accomplish anything and would lead to heavy losses
Numerous Union victories in late 1863 and 1
Gettysburg – short answer
Day 1 – The Union and Confederacy met by accident to Gettysburg, PA. Confederates pushed the Union forces back
through the town until they secured a defensive position to the south of the town on Cemetery Ridge
Day 2 – The two flanks ends (Culps Hill to the north and Little Round Top to the south) were areas of intense fighting
and the Confederates tried to outflank the Union
Day 3 – Lee decided to try to bust through the center of the Union line by an all out assault (known as Pickett’s
charge). This was a failure and resulted in heavy casualties. Lee retreated but Meade did not pursue
Essay – This is not a complete answer and you need to expand on this information to write a complete paragraph
essay. These are key ideas only! Rewriting these bullet points will not get you full credit for an essay question!
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all slaves are freed (with 13th Amendment)
Southern economy was destroyed and billions of dollars in damage
Boom in Northern industry
Saved the Union
Over 620,000 casualties
Women took on new roles
Federal government is strengthened, state governments loose power