Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability
Water and change
•Identify the ways in which water is utilized at the
regional scale.
•Examine the environmental and human factors affecting
patterns and trends in physical water scarcity and
economic water scarcity.
•Examine the factors affecting access to safe drinking
water.
(5hours)
Lesson 1 and 2
Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability
Water and change
•Identify the ways in which water is utilized at the
regional scale.
•Examine the environmental and human factors affecting
patterns and trends in physical water scarcity and
economic water scarcity.
•Examine the factors affecting access to safe drinking
water.
(5hours)
Homework
• Essay on water issues in Turkmenistan –
use p.124-129 of Planet Geography to
help you.
• “For an area you have studied, explain
the causes of water scarcity and
evaluate the management strategies
that have been implemented to address
these issues.” (15 marks)
Water
Make a list of all the ways in which people
depend on water
How important is water to us?
•
•
•
•
Water is essential to all life
Personal use
Industrial/commercial use
Agricultural use
• Demand is increasing so it is essential that we
manage this resource carefully.
• Did you know... “Each person in the UK uses an
average of 150 litres a day”
Where does our water come from?
The Hydrological Cycle
oceans (salt
water)
Frozen
water
Rivers and
Lakes (fresh
water)
70% Planet Earth is covered by water
The Earth’s water supply
oceans (salt
water)
97%
Frozen water
2.7%
Rivers and
Lakes (fresh
water)
Why are these figures significant?
0.3%
Water on Earth
• The total amount of ______ available on
planet Earth is limited. There are no net
_____ or _____ to the hydrological cycle.
It is therefore known as a ______ system.
Although ___% of the Earth’s surface is
covered by water, 97% of this is salt water
and ___% is stored as ice, which only
leaves 0.3% (freshwater) that is suitable
for human use. Therefore if we make
________changes to the water we have on
our planet, this will result in water
_______.
• Missing words  gains, 2.7 detrimental
closed, scarcity, 70, water, losses.
1.
2.
Describe the
water use by
region
Describe the
changes in water
use between
1995 and the
projected usage
in 2025
1.
2.
Describe the water use by region
Describe the changes in water use
between 1995 and the projected
usage in 2025
• Global usage of water is uneven – much more water is used
by developing regions compared to developed regions –
highest water use is in Asia.
• In 1995 the world used 3,906 cubic km of water – this is
projected to increase by approximately 50% by 2025.
• Increase in water usage is expected to be highest in
developing nations where there are higher population
pressures and higher levels of industrial growth
The world’s water supply
• Read p.121 of Planet geography (starting
from the bottom left paragraph
beginning “the need to manage water...”
• Summarise the points made in these 3
paragraphs
Water scarcity
• Water scarcity – where water supplies are inadequate
• Physical water scarcity – occurs in places where the demand
for water exceeds the available supply. This is most common in
arid or semi-arid regions where rainfall is low and river flow
fluctuates, perhaps even drying up at certain times of the year.
To help meet water needs, some countries such as Saudi Arabia
and Kuwait import much of their food and invest in desalinisation
plants.
• Economic water scarcity – occurs where a country physically
has sufficient water resources to meet its needs, but some
people cannot afford to obtain it and/or additional storage and
transport facilities are required – this will mean embarking on
large and expensive water development projects, as in many subSaharan countries.
• Water scarcity of any kind generally affects LICs more so
than HICs.
Global distribution of water
Tasks:
1. Describe
the global
pattern of
water
scarcity
2. Give
reasons for
this pattern
Examine the environmental and human factors
affecting patterns and trends in physical water
scarcity and economic water scarcity.
• Using the following sources to help you,
complete the table to answer the
question – use place specific examples
where possible:
• P.60,61,62,64 of A2 Geography for
Edexcel
• P.36-43 of Edexcel A2 Geography
Water and change: Examine the environmental and human factors affecting patterns and trends in
physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity.
Physical Water scarcity
Occurs in places where the demand for water exceeds
the available supply. This is most common in arid or
semi-arid regions where rainfall is low and river flow
fluctuates, perhaps even drying up at certain times of
the year.
Trends
Environmental
factors
Human
Factors
Economic water scarcity
Occurs where a country physically has sufficient water resources
to meet its needs, but some people cannot afford to obtain it
and/or additional storage and transport facilities are required
Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability
Water and change
•Identify the ways in which water is utilized at the
regional scale.
•Examine the environmental and human factors affecting
patterns and trends in physical water scarcity and
economic water scarcity.
•Examine the factors affecting access to safe drinking
water.
(5hours)
Complete ICT research task