Gender-Inclusion in Commercial Dairy
Chains in the Global South
Silja K. Heyland
Supervisors: Angelica Senders and Jan Hoekstra
9th July 2014
Agenda









Background
Problem Definition
Research Objective
Research Question
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Questions and Answers
Recommendations
Dairy and Gender



Dairy production impact
Dairy activities
Effects on gender inequalities
‘The FAO assumes that gender equity would increase food production
with 20 to 30 per cent’.
Problem Definition
A systematic overview of success factors in gender-sensitive
dairy chain development in Africa, Latin America and Asia, and
business arguments that can motivate local business to invest in
gender-sensitive dairy chain development,
are missing.
Research Objective


Attractive arguments for local business
Interventions that contribute to successful gender-inclusion
Research Question
What are the key success factors of gender-inclusive
interventions that enhance dairy value chain development
from a business perspective in the global south?

How are commercial dairy chains organized at primary level?

How was gender included in gender-inclusive dairy chain development
to improve business?

What is the concrete impact of gender-inclusive dairy chain upgrading
activities in terms of both business performance and gender equality?
Methodology




Desk research
Field research
Gender - Sensitive Value Chain Mapping
Gender and Value Chain Empowerment Diamond
Methodology (1)
Gender - Sensitive Value Chain Mapping
Methodology (2)
Gender and Value Chain Empowerment Diamond
Methodology (3)
Project overview
Project:
1. Strengthening the Dairy Value Chain Project
2. Kenya Dairy Sector Competitiveness
Program
3. East Africa Dairy Development Project
4. Business Organisations and their Access to
Markets
5. Small Scale Livestock and Livelihoods
Program
6. Dairy Value Chain Project
7. Recursos Naturales y Fomento de
Competencias Empresariales
8. Women Leadership Development Programme
Lead organization/ Country:
business
CARE Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Land O’Lakes
Kenya
Heifer International
SNV Ethiopia
East Africa
Ethiopia
Heifer International
Malawi
UNFAO and NaWi
GIZ
Malawi
Gokul Union India
India
Afghanistan
Nicaragua
Results

Value Chain Activities




Improved milk quality and increased milk volume
Employment in business support services
Participation in meetings and trainings
Value Chain Governance



Access to (market) information and knowledge
Formalized chain activities
Participation in business decision-making
Results (1)

Structure





HH: Men appreciate women’s activities
HH: Women are allowed to travel
Society: Women receive respect
Society: More female leadership positions
Agency



Confidence and self-esteem
Access to finance and loans
Increase in income
Business Arguments
Business Argument:
Project:
1.Women are active milk suppliers and their groups supply
the same or more milk than men groups.
SDVCP, BOAM, EADD,
KDSCP, WDCLP
- SDVCP and BOAM: Endline evaluation
- EADD: Applying gender lens in producer organization
- KDVCP: Household survey
- WDCLP: Measurements through self-help groups
Business Arguments
Business Argument:
Project:
2. Women (groups) strongly contribute to good milk
quality and hygienic handling.
SDVCP, BOAM, SSLLP,
MASRENACE, WDCLP
- SDVCP, BOAM, WDCLP: Quality-based payment system
- SDVCP, WDCLP, SSLLP: Introduction of lactometer and fat meter
- WDCLP: Measurement of temperature and bacterial testing
- MASRENACE: Establishing quality monitoring system
Business Arguments
Business Argument:
Project:
3. Producer organization perform best with a female leader.
SDVCP, KDSCP,
MASRENACE
- SDVCP: Measured performances of different gender compositions
- KDSCP: Elected female cooperative leader
- MASRENACE: Elected female cooperative union leader
Business Arguments
Business Argument:
Project:
4. Addressing the right target group with interventions
shows better results.
BOAM, EADD, KDSCP,
DVCP, MASRENACE,
WDCLP
BOAM: Processors need to address women
WDCLP: Loyal milk supplier, more hygienic
All: higher milk volumes and better milk quality
Business Arguments
Business Argument:
Project:
5. Women participation/leadership positions increase the
number of participants.
EADD, KDSCP, DVCP,
WDCLP, BOAM
EADD and DVCP: big spill-over effect
BOAM: Women in committee
KDSCP: Women attract other women to join
WDCLP: “If a women is in a leadership position naturally other women
follow”
Success Factors
Leading to successful business:
Project:
1. Women need to see incentives to supply their milk to producer
organizations.
EADD, KDSCP,
MASRENACE
2. Customize times and places to the need of women to make
sure that women participate.
BOAM, KDSCP,
MASRENACE
3.Awareness campaigns increase collaboration between wives and
husbands, which may affect decision-making and sharing incomes.
DVCP
Contributing to gender equity:
4. Households’ gender relations may change when wives and
husbands have joint visits or experience other ethnic groups with
different gender relations.
WDCLP, KDSCP,
(EADD)
5. Women may have a stronger position in the household and
society when they own cattle.
SSLLAP
Conclusions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sharing benefits and joint decision-making is depending on
cultural habits at site level.
Women do on average at least half of the dairy activities
(mentioned from all projects).
Initial gender studies are important for each new
development project.
Women need to have incentives to supply milk
otherwise they may side-sell milk to other markets.
Collaboration between men and women is essential
when approaching new (formal) markets.
Gender-inclusion increases food production (FAO), they
are effective and business attractive.
Questions and Answers
Recommendations
To Development Organization:
1.
Include gender-inclusive interventions from the beginning in
all dairy chain projects.
2.
Promote household cooperation by organizing dairy farmer
excursions for dairy producer couples to other (national)
sites in which gender-inclusion is practised.
3.
Make female dairy producer visible.
Recommendations (1)
To Agri-ProFocus:
1.
Agri-ProFocus dairy network could organize regular webinars
on gender-inclusion in dairy chain development.
2.
Stimulate discussion on gender-inclusion in the dairy
network.
3.
Include gender events and new information
in the Agri-ProFocus newsletter.
Thank you for your attention!

Contact:

Silja K. Heyland
E-Mail: silja.k.heyland@web.de

Gender in Value Chains ning »
Nothing can stop an idea whose time has come.
(Victor Hugo)
References:

Pictures:

[Gender ballancing] 2013. The Bull&Bear, The Gender Yield: A Business Case for Gender Equality [image online]. Available at:
<http://bullandbearmcgill.com/the-gender-yield-a-business-case-for-gender-equality/>[Assessed 04 July 2014].

[Gender thinking bulb] no date. Gender roles[blog] no date. Availabe at:<http://realmeproject.wordpress.com/gender-roles/>[Assessed
04 July 2014].

[methodology pic, black and white women] 2005. Promoting gender-sensitive enterpreneurship via microfinance institutions. [powerpoint
online]. Available at:
<http://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F
sd%2Fdim_pe1%2Fdocs%2Fpe1_050401a1_en.ppt&ei=nZ22U4TOJIel0AWEi4DQDg&usg=AFQjCNGKaUSCGb8OvV1GoLpVD_VBHRI
x7w >[Assessed 04 July 2014].

[Design is always Objective] 2011. The Difference Between Art And Design [image online]. Available at:
<http://www.smashingbuzz.com/2011/01/the-difference-between-art-and-design/> [Assessed 04 July 2014].

[“We can do it”] 2014. We can do it [image search online]. Available at: <www.google.com>

[cartoon one and two] 2012. Challenging chains to change. [image online]. Amsterdam: KIT, Agri-ProFocus and IIRR, p. 100 and p.114