 starter activity
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List what Alexander II & III did with regard to
the following: serfs; civil rights; local
government; justice; ethnic minorities
Give one example of a SWOT for Nicholas II
Give 2 advantages & 2 disadvantages of reforms
of Sergei Witte
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Serfs – Emancipation (1861); Peasants Land Bank
Civil Rights – relaxing of censorship; tightening of
censorship
Local govt – zemstva; membership ltd.
Justice – juries; juries appointed by govt
Ethnic minorities – autonomy; russification &
pogroms
Strength – education; Weakness –ill-prepared;
Opportunity – zemstva; Threats – political
opposition
+ - industrialisation, foreign investment; - - ignored
agriculture, rapid urbanisation led to overcrowding
How successful were
Witte’s policies?
 Learning objectives
To evaluate the success / failure of
Sergei Witte’s economic policies
To learn how to write a successful
introduction using the KIT principle
Imagine we could hold a press conference with Sergei Witte and his team on his
achievements with regard to the Russian economy. Interview a member of the class.
Mr Higgins is
wondering how best
to prepare his AS
History group for their
first essay.
What advice should
he give for example
on introductions,
structuring essays
and research tips?
Top tips
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Introduction apply the KIT principle (Keyword,
Instructions, Topic area)
Topic sentencing and topic paragraphing
Links
Detailed and accurate supporting evidence
Additional research
Substantive conclusion
 Your task
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Write out the question and highlight the KIT
In groups plan an answer to this question:
‘To what extent did the policies of Sergei Witte address the
economic problems facing Russia at the end of the nineteenth
century?’
Practice the KIT principle on the past paper practice questions
your teacher gives you.
Write the introductions for topics you have already covered.
 Homework
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Complete the essay you have planned in class.
Use the plan on Studyhistory website to help
you & any additional resources you are given
Extension: complete the source activity and
use the evidence to support the judgements in
your essay
 Plenary
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Look at your cartoon of Russian society again.
How would each layer feel about the Witte’s
system?
Explain the KIT principle
Give 5 tips on successful AS level essay-writing
Extension: how does an AS level essay differ
from a GCSE one?