Chapter 12
Systems Analysis and Design
Professor Michael J. Losacco
CIS 1150 – Introduction to Computer Information Systems
Overview
Chapter
12
Describe Phases of the Systems Life Cycle
Identify Information Needs
Analyze Existing Information Systems
Evaluate Feasibility of Alternative Systems
Test New Software and Hardware
Switch Information Systems
Perform Audits and Periodic Evaluations
Describe Prototyping and RAD
2/23
Systems Analysis and Design
Chapter
12
Problem-solving Procedure
Examine and Improve Information Systems
Systems Life Cycle
3/23
Project Management
Chapter
12
Project Manager
Plans, Schedules, & Controls Activities
Establishes Scope
Goals, Objectives, & Expectations of Project
List Required Activities
Time Required
Cost Estimate
Order & Dependency
4/23
Project Management
Chapter
12
Software
5/23
Project Success
Chapter
12
Successful
On-time, On-budget, All Features
Challenged
Late, Over Budget, Less Features
Failed
Cancelled or Delivered but Never Used
Standish Group 2012
6/23
Project Success
12
Smaller Projects Have Better Success
<$750K
$750K-3M
Budget
Chapter
$3-6M
$6-10M
$10M+
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Success
Standish Group
7/23
Project Success
12
Shorter Projects Have Better Success
60%
50%
40%
Success
Chapter
30%
20%
10%
0%
6
9
12
18
24
Months
Standish Group
8/23
Project Success
Chapter
Average Percentage Above Estimate
12
200%
Overage
150%
100%
50%
0%
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Year
Time
Cost
Standish Group
9/23
Project Success
Chapter
12
Notable Project Failures
FAA Air Traffic Control
$1.5B – 1994
IRS Modernization
$3.4B – 1997
DoD Business Modernization
$19B – 2004
200 Inventory / 450 Personnel Systems
Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
Dramatically Higher Death Rates – 2002
10/23
Preliminary Investigation
Chapter
12
Define the Problem
Information Needed
By Whom, When, and Why
Suggest Alternative Systems
Prepare a Short Report
11/23
Systems Analysis
Chapter
12
Data Collected About Present System
Analyzed
New Requirements Determined
Gather Data
Expand on Data Gathered During Phase 1
Research
Questionnaire
One-on-one Interview
Observation
12/23
Systems Analysis
Chapter
12
Analyzing the Data
Learn How Information Currently Flows
Understand Why There Are Issues
Tools
Grid Chart
Decision Table
13/23
Systems Analysis
Chapter
12
Analyzing the Data
Tools
System Flowchart
Data Flow Diagram
Automated Design Tool
CASE
14/23
Systems Analysis
Chapter
12
Documenting Systems Analysis
Systems Analysis Report
Describes Current Information System
Requirements for a New System
Possible Development Schedule
15/23
Systems Design
Chapter
12
Designing Alternative Systems
Feasibility Study
Economic
Technical
Operational
Selecting the Best System
Overall Fit with Current Information System
Flexibility
Security
Cost / Benefit Analysis
ROI (Hard vs. Soft)
16/23
Systems Design
Chapter
12
Develop All Details of System
Write Technical Specifications
Details Functionality & Scope of Project
Request for Quotation (RFQ)
Vendor Quotes Price For Listed Hardware
Request for Proposal (RFP)
Vendor Quotes Price For Software
Based on Specification
17/23
Systems Development
Chapter
12
Acquiring Software
Purchase
Outsource
Design
Acquiring Hardware
Turnkey Solution
Complete System Provided by VAR
Value-added Reseller
Purchases Products from Manufacturer
Resells Them, Offering Additional Services
Must Meet Certain Requirements
18/23
Systems Development
Chapter
12
Testing
Phases
Alpha (Employees)
Beta (Customers)
Unit
Each Individual Program Works
System
All Programs in Application Work Together
Integration
Application Works with Other Applications
Acceptance
Verifies New System Works with Actual Data
19/23
Systems Implementation
Chapter
12
Types of Conversion
Direct
Parallel
Pilot
Phased
Training
One of Most Commonly Overlooked Activities
Scheduling Conflicts
20/23
Systems Maintenance
Chapter
12
Ongoing
More Time and Money Spent than Other Phases
Systems Audit
System Performance Compared to Original Design
Periodic Evaluation
Determine Whether Goals Are Being Met
21/23
Prototyping and RAD
Chapter
12
Prototyping
Model
Users Interact and Provide Feedback
Systems Analyst Revises Prototype
RAD (Rapid Application Development)
Use Powerful Development Tools
CASE
Higher Cost, Shorter Development Time
22/23
Careers in IT
Chapter
12
Systems Analyst
Plan and Design New Systems
Reorganize Company's Computer Resources
Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science
Technical Experience
Annual Salary of $49,000 - $93,000
23/23