1.
The diagram below shows the male reproductive system.
Which are the epididymis and the seminal vesicle in the diagram?
Epididymis
Seminal vesicle
A.
IV
I
B.
III
II
C.
I
V
D.
III
I
(Total 1 mark)
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1
2.
The diagram below shows the male reproductive system.
Which are the epididymis and the seminal vesicle in the diagram?
Epididymis
Seminal vesicle
A.
IV
I
B.
III
II
C.
I
V
D.
III
I
(Total 1 mark)
3.
Which of these statements about the human placenta is incorrect?
A.
The placenta is the site of nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus.
B.
The placenta produces hormones, such as estrogen.
C.
The placenta begins to develop after implantation of the blastocyst.
D.
The mother’s blood and the baby’s blood mix in the placenta.
(Total 1 mark)
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2
4.
What is a difference between human sperm and human egg cells?
A.
Sperm have more chromosomes.
B.
Sperm have a larger surface area to volume ratio.
C.
Eggs have an acrosome.
D.
The division of the cytoplasm in sperm production is uneven.
(Total 1 mark)
5.
Which of the following is/are a role of testosterone in males?
I.
Pre-natal development of male genitalia
II.
Maintenance of sex drive
III.
Increase in mental development
A.
II only
B.
I and II only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
6.
What are the roles of testosterone in males?
A.
Stimulation of FSH production and growth in puberty
B.
Pre-natal development of genitalia and development of secondary sexual characteristics
C.
Development of genitalia and pre-natal secondary sexual characteristics
D.
Stimulation of FSH production and pre-natal development of secondary sexual
characteristics
(Total 1 mark)
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3
7.
The following diagram shows the human female reproductive system as seen from the side.
[This article was published in Jones, R and Lopez, K. 2006. Human Reproductive Biology. Third Edition. Academic
Press. P. 52. Copyright Elsevier 2006.]
What are the names of the organs labelled I and II?
I
II
A.
uterus
vagina
B.
bladder
ovary
C.
urethra
oviduct
D.
clitoris
cervix
(Total 1 mark)
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4
8.
The hormones progesterone and LH were measured in a woman’s blood over 40 days. When did
her menstrual bleed start?
(Total 1 mark)
9.
What is the correct sequence of events used in IVF?
A.
collection of
oocytes and
sperms
stimulation
of ovarian
follicles
incubation of
oocytes and
sperms
implantation
B.
stimulation
of ovarian
follicles
collection of
oocytes and
sperms
incubation of
oocytes and
sperms
implantation
C.
stimulation
of ovarian
follicles
incubation of
oocytes and
sperms
collection of
oocytes and
sperms
implantation
D.
collection of
oocytes and
sperms
incubation of
oocytes and
sperms
stimulation
of ovarian
follicles
implantation
(Total 1 mark)
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5
10.
What is placed into the uterus after the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF)?
A.
Eggs
B.
Sperm
C.
Embryos
D.
Fetuses
(Total 1 mark)
11.
What are the structures labelled I and II on the diagram of the male reproductive system?
I
II
A.
Testis
Seminal vesicle
B.
Vas deferens
Testis
C.
Seminal vesicle
Epididymis
D.
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
(Total 1 mark)
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6
12.
What is the function of the tRNA activating enzyme?
A.
It links tRNA to ribosomes.
B.
It links tRNA to mRNA.
C.
It links tRNA to a specific amino acid.
D.
It links an amino acid on one tRNA to an amino acid on another tRNA.
(Total 1 mark)
13.
What is the sequence of operations during IVF treatment?
A.
egg collection → FSH injections → fertilization
B.
egg collection → fertilization → FSH injections
C.
FSH injections → egg collection → fertilization
D.
FSH injections → fertilization → egg collection
(Total 1 mark)
14.
What is the consequence of insufficient secretion of FSH in women?
A.
Embryo implantation fails because the uterus lining is too thin.
B.
Mature eggs (oocytes) are not produced.
C.
Menstruation starts before embryo implantation occurs.
D.
Progesterone secretion is inhibited.
(Total 1 mark)
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7
15.
What are the levels of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH during the menstrual
cycle at the time of ovulation?
Estrogen
Progesterone
LH
FSH
A.
High
Low
High
High
B.
High
High
Low
High
C.
Low
High
High
Low
D.
Low
Low
Low
Low
(Total 1 mark)
16.
The levels of hormones vary during the menstrual cycle in women. Each hormone reaches its
maximum level at a different time in the cycle. In what sequence do the hormones reach their
maximum level, if the cycle begins at the start of menstruation?
A.
LH, progesterone, FSH, estrogen
B.
FSH, progesterone, LH, estrogen
C.
LH, estrogen, FSH, progesterone
D.
FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone
(Total 1 mark)
17.
How is in vitro fertilization different from natural fertilization in humans?
A.
In vitro fertilization involves artificial injection of sperm into the uterus
B.
In vitro fertilization only involves one parent
C.
In vitro fertilization happens outside the body
D.
In vitro fertilization uses stem cells instead of eggs
(Total 1 mark)
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8
18.
The graph below shows the levels of hormones during the menstrual cycle.
(a)
Identify hormones I and II.
I: ..................................................................................................................................
II: .................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Outline the roles of FSH in the menstrual cycle.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
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9
(c)
FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. During pregnancy, FSH secretion is inhibited.
Suggest how FSH secretion could be inhibited during pregnancy.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
19.
(a)
State a word equation for anaerobic cell respiration in humans.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Describe the need for a ventilation system in humans.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
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(c)
Sketch the hormone changes between days 13 and 28 on the graphs below for a woman in
her normal menstrual cycle.
[Source: adapted from www.mivf.com.au/ivf/infertility/images/cyclediagram.GIF]
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
20.
The diagram below shows the female reproductive system.
(a)
Label the diagram above with the letter U to show the uterus.
(1)
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11
(b)
Outline the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) after ovulation.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Explain how sexual reproduction can lead to variation in a species.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 5 marks)
21.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Draw a labelled sigmoid population growth curve.
(4)
(b)
Outline the process of spermatogenesis in humans.
(5)
(c)
Explain the structure and function of the placenta during pregnancy.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)
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12
22.
(a)
List two roles of testosterone in males.
1.
..........................................................................................................................
2.
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
A boy inherited red-green colour-blindness from one of his grandfathers. Deduce, giving
your reasons, which of his two grandfathers was also colour-blind.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
23.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Embryos that are produced by in vitro fertilization can be screened for genetic disease.
Outline the process of in vitro fertilization, including one example of a situation when it is
used.
(9)
(b)
Explain, using an example, how females but not males can be carriers of some recessive
alleles.
(4)
(c)
Explain the causes and consequences of sickle-cell anemia.
(5)
(Total 20 marks)
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13
24.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Gametes are produced in humans by spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Compare
spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
(5)
(b)
Explain the processes that result in genetic variation in the sperm produced by an adult
male.
(5)
(c)
Outline the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF).
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
25.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Outline the role of the skin in temperature regulation.
(5)
(b)
Outline the role of hormones in the process of birth in humans.
(4)
(c)
Explain the principles of vaccination.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)
26.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram of a mature sperm.
(5)
(b)
Outline the formation of chiasmata during crossing over.
(5)
(c)
Explain how an error in meiosis can lead to Down syndrome.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
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14
27.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram of a mature sperm cell.
(4)
(b)
Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.
(6)
(c)
Discuss the cause, transmission and social implications of AIDS.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
28.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram of the adult female reproductive system.
(4)
(b)
Describe how natural selection leads to evolution.
(6)
(c)
Explain the consequences of altering a DNA base in the genome of an organism.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
29.
(a)
Outline a possible cause of Down syndrome.
(4)
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15
(b)
Outline the processes involved in oogenesis within the human ovary.
(8)
(c)
Discuss the ethical issues surrounding IVF.
(6)
(Total 18 marks)
30.
Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram of the adult female reproductive system.
(4)
(b)
Outline the roles of progesterone and estrogen in the human menstrual cycle.
(6)
(c)
Explain the function and structure of the placenta.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)
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16