SBI3U1- Ms.Ferrari
Recall: Prokaryotes are represented by 2 domainsBacteria, Archaea
Therefore we can compare and contrast Bacteria
and Archaea by looking at the following:
1) Type of cell ( eukaryote? Prokaryote? )
2) Morphology ( shape)
3) Aggregation ( how are cells grouped together?)
4) Nutrition
5) Habitat
6) Reproduction
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Cell Type: Both are prokaryotic
Morphology: similar shape- cocci (spheres), bacilli
(rods), and spirilli ( spiral cells)
Nutrition: both either consume other organisms or use
inorganic compounds
Habitat: Both are found in extreme environments;
more archaea live in extreme habitats (extremophiles),
while more bacteria live in moderate habitats
(mesophiles)
Reproduction: binary fission
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
1) shaped like pyramids,
cubes, or rods with star
cross-sections,
2) Some are photosynthetic,
1) shaped like plates or
rectangular rods
3) live anaerobically in
human guts;
3)live anaerobically in cattle
guts.
2) Some aare methanogenetic
(produce methane gas as byproduct).
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Most common forms in both bacteria and
archaea are spheres and rods.
Spherical forms are called cocci
Rod forms are called bacilli
Spiral forms are called spirilli
cocci
bacilli
spirilli
Chapter 2: Diversity: From Simple to Complex
Section 2.2
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Thermophiles live in hot springs and deep
sea vents, enduring temperatures over
100ºC.
Example: Archaea Methanopyrus
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Acidophiles live in volcanic craters
and mine drainage lakes, enduring
pH levels lower than 3.
Example: Archaea Picrophilus
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Halophiles live in salt lakes and
inland seas, enduring salt concentrations
above 20%.
Example: Archaea Halococcus
Binary fission
is asexual
reproduction.
 Both domains
lack a
nucleus
therefore the
only way to
reproduce is
asexually.
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UNIT 1 Chapter 2: Diversity: From Simple to Complex
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Section 2.2
In less favorable conditions, DNA can be exchanged
instead of reproducing by binary fission.
Conjugation= one cell links to another by a pilus (tube)
and transfers a copy of some or all of the
chromosomes.
Bacteria that will stain because they contain a thick
protein layer on their cell wall are Gram-positive
(become purple)
Bacteria that will not stain because they have a thin
protein layer are Gram-negative (become pink).
A)Clostridium botulinum causes food poisoning
B)Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat
C)Streptococcus mutans causes tooth decay
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Read and make notes 2.1 Pgs.59-68
Complete pg. 66 Q# 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11