Ancient Greece Study
Guide and Review
Chapter 4 Section 1
 1. Only free native-born men who owned land
could be citizens p.122
 2. The Greek alphabet was based on the Phoenician
alphabet p. 120
Chapter 4 Section 2
 1. Peisistratus won the support of the poor by
dividing large estates among landless farmer. P.129
 2. Spartan returned home at age 30. p.127
Chapter 4 Section 3
 1. Xerxes became the Persian king after the death of
his father Darius in 486 B.C. p.135
 2. Xerxes wanted to conquer Greece because he
wanted to seek revenge, to win glory, and to
increase his country’s wealth. P.135
 3. The Greeks won the battle of Salamis because
their ships could move around quickly. P. 136
Chapter 4 Section 4
 The Delian League began as an alliance to protect
the Greeks from the Persians. P. 139
 In direct democracy, people gather at mass
meetings to decide government matters. P.139
Chapter 5 Section 1
 The goddess of wisdom and crafts is Athena p. 155
 Homer’s epic Iliad is about the Trojan War. p.157
Chapter 5 Section 2
 Philosophers believed the human mind could
understand everything. P.169
 Socrates was sentenced to death for his teachings. P.
170
 Plato thought that government should be headed by
philosopher-kings. p. 170
 A Greek named Herodotus wrote the history of the
Persian Wars. P. 173
Terms, People, Places
 Spartans focused on military training
 Pericles made Athens more democratic
 Satrapies were Persian states or provinces
 Oligarchy was a form of government used by
Spartans
 A strait a narrow body water with land on both
sides
 Parthenon was created by workers hauled 20,000
tons of marble and took 15 years to build
 Tyrant rules with authority
 Athens focused on government and education
 Cyrus the Great was the King of Persia
 A myth is a traditional story about gods and heroes.
 Thucydides was considered by some to be the
greatest historian of the ancient world.
 Pythagoras taught that the universe followed the
same rules as music and numbers.
 Mount Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece.