Bell Work: Please pick up both the document analysis worksheet
and the anticipation guide. Find a seat and begin working on
both worksheets (start with the document analysis worksheet)
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 1ST
Exceed – BE BETTER THAN; SURPASS
The Mongol Empire existed during the
13th and 14th centuries and was the
largest contiguous land empire in history.
The Mongol Empire emerged from the
unification of nomadic tribes in the
Mongolia homeland under the
leadership of Genghis Khan, who was
proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206.
The empire grew rapidly and EXCEEDED
expectations as it grew into one of the
largest empires in the history of the
world.
Read Aloud
Click the picture below to see
the how large the Mongol
Empire became!
2/1, Block 1
DAILY AGENDA:
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Bell Work: Document
Analysis
WOD 
Review Unit 2 Test
Islam Anticipation Guide
Review: Islamic
Vocabulary
Notes: The Rise and
Spread of Islam
Summarizer
Essential Question: How
did Islam rise from a small
sect to the 2nd largest
religion in the world?
Homework: Read Chapter
8 and complete Hashtag
Organizer worksheet (due
tomorrow).
SOAPS ANALYSIS:
•
Speaker  Author: Matthew, disciple of Jesus of
Nazareth
Speaker: Jesus of Nazareth
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Occasion  Written in 70 CE
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•
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(When did Jesus die?)
Audience  Christians (all literate people
interested in Christianity)
Purpose  Record the words of Jesus
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(Document how God wants people to live)
SOAPS ANALYSIS
What is this document telling us?
Compare and contrast the attitudes
of Christianity and Islam toward
merchants and trade from the
religions’ origins until about 1500.
Are there indications of change
over time in either case, or both?
COMPARATIVE VIEW OF MERCHANTS
= Christianity
+
View
“Camel pass through
eye of a needle”
Origin
c. 1500
TEST OVERVIEW:
6 A’s; 3 B’s; 2 C’s; 9 D’s; 6 F
 Average score was a 72%
 Test curve is meant to acknowledge the
expectations of the College Board (“passing”
the AP exam does not require getting 70% of
the points on the test)
 60% on the Multiple Choice section of the AP
Exam is still on track to earn a 3!
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Please take the next few minutes to complete the anticipation guide silently
on your own.
ANTICIPATION GUIDE
#1. MUHAMMAD IS THE TITLE OF THE
GOD IN ISLAM.
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FALSE  Muhammad is revered as
Allah’s prophet. He is the most recent
in a string of prophets to reveal Allah’s
word. Allah is the term given to the God
in Islam and in fact represents the
same notion of God that Jews and
Christians have.
#2. MOST MUSLIMS ARE ARABS.

FALSE  The common image of a Muslim is a
turbaned dark Arab man with a long beard.
However this image is part of the minority of
Muslims. Arabs make only 15% of the world’s
Muslim population. As a matter of fact the Middle
East comes in third with East Asia coming in at first
(69%) and Africa (27%) coming in at second.
Another common misconception is that all Arabs
are Muslims. While the vast majority of Arabs are
Muslims (75%), there are many other religions that
Arabs practice including Christianity and Judaism.
#3. MUSLIMS DO NOT ACKNOWLEDGE
JESUS AS GOD.
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TRUE  Many people are amazed to find out
that according to Muslim belief, Jesus is one
of the greatest messengers of God. One
cannot be a Muslim without believing in the
virgin birth and the many miracles of Jesus
Christ. Jesus is also mentioned in many
verses of the Quran and is often used as an
example of good virtue and character.
However, the main difference between
Christianity and Islam is that Muslims do not
believe that Jesus was God.
#4. FOR ONE MONTH EACH YEAR, MUSLIMS
ARE NOT ALLOWED TO EAT AT ALL DURING
THE DAY.
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TRUE  The Lunar month of Ramadan
is observed by all Muslims as a means
of atonement for their sins. During that
month, all Muslims are expected to go
without food (and excess liquid) from
sun up until sundown. They may,
however, eat after sundown. Special
exceptions are made for the sick,
elderly, and young children.
#5. ISLAM IS INTOLERANT OF OTHER
RELIGIONS.
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FALSE  Islam has always given respect and freedom of
religion to all faiths. In the Quran it says “God does not
forbid you, with regards to those who fight you not for
religion nor drive you away out of your homes, from dealing
kindly and justly with them, for god loves those who are
just.” There are many historical examples of Muslim
tolerance towards other faith. One such example was when
the caliph Umar was ruler of Jerusalem from 634 to 644
AD. He granted freedom to all religious communities and
said that the inhabitants of his city were safe and that their
places of worship would never be taken away from them.
He also set up courts that were designated to the non
Muslim minorities. Whenever he would visit holy areas he
would ask for the Christian patriarch Sophronius to
accompany him.
#6. AL-QAEDA IS AN ISLAMIC
ORGANIZATION.
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FALSE  Al-Qaeda was founded in 1988 by
Osama Bin Laden as a quasi-political organization
bent on destroying western powers that were
“conspiring against Islam.” Most of it’s members
are Muslim, but practice an extremist form of
Islam that is not consistent with the beliefs of
most Muslims. As a group, they choose to depart
from the teachings of the Qur’an and follow their
own beliefs in an effort to form a new Islamic
empire. The fact that they are almost exclusively
Muslim does not make them an Islamic
organization any more than the fact that they are
mostly right-handed makes them a right-handed
organization.
#7. CHILDREN AND WOMEN HAVE
VIRTUALLY NO RIGHTS UNDER ISLAMIC
LAW.
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FALSE  Children, according to Islamic law, have various rights. One
of these is the right to be properly brought up, raised, and educated.
Children must also be treated equally. When giving financial gifts
they should all be the same amount and there should be no
preference among them. Children are even permitted to take
moderately from their parent’s wealth to sustain themselves if the
parent declines to give them proper funds for living. A child is also
not allowed to get hit in the face or hit by anything larger than a
pencil. Islam gave back many human rights to the woman and
Muhammad(s) was even reported saying that “women are the twin
halves of men.” A Muslim woman is allowed to reject and accept any
suitor for marriage and has the right to seek divorce. There is
nothing in Islam that forbids a Muslim woman from exiting her
house and they are allowed to drive. Also in regards to education, a
woman is obligated to seek knowledge and it is considered a sin if
she refuses.
#8. MUSLIMS BELIEVE THAT IF THEY DIE KILLING A NONMUSLIM THEY BECOME A MARTYR AND ARE REWARDED
WITH 72 VIRGINS IN HEAVEN.
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FALSE  The true Arabic meaning of the word jihad is struggle. However in
Islam it is often used to describe the striving in the way of god. There are
many forms of jihad but the most important ones are Jihad al-nafs (jihad
against ones self), jihad bil-lisan (jihad by being vocal), jihad bil yad (jihad
by using action), and Jihad bis saif (jihad by using the sword). Each jihad is
ranked differently and it was reported that Muhammad returned from a
battle and said “We have returned from the lesser jihad (going into battle)
to the greater jihad (the struggle of the soul).” This means that a Muslim
struggling against himself and his soul is more important than the jihad of
going into war. Another misconception is that only when a person dies in
war does that person becomes a martyr. This is, however, false and it is
believed that anyone doing anything for the sake of god and is killed
becomes a martyr. A person who dies while performing pilgrimage in
Mecca, a woman who dies while giving birth, or even someone who dies in
a car crash while he was on his way to the mosque are all considered
martyrs. There is a weak connection in the Hadith that describes the
presence of Houris in Heaven. These are described as physically perfect
companions.(“It was mentioned by Daraj Ibn Abi Hatim, that Abu al-Haytham
'Adullah Ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudhri, who heard Muhammad
saying, 'The smallest reward for the people of Heaven is an abode where there
are eighty thousand servants and seventy-two houri, over which stands a dome
decorated with pearls, aquamarine and ruby, as wide as the distance from alJabiyyah to San'a.”)
#9. MUSLIMS HAVE TRADITIONALLY
BEEN SAVAGE AND BARBARIC IN WAR.
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FALSE  Quite the contrary, when it comes to the conduct of war there are
ten rules that every Muslim army must obey:
1. Do not commit treachery
2. Do not deviate from the right path
3. Do not mutilate dead bodies
4. Do not kill children
5. Do not kill women
6. Do not kill aged men
7. Do not harm or burn trees
8. Do not destroy buildings
9. Do not destroy an enemy’s flock, unless you use it for your food
10. When you pass people who have devoted their lives to monastic
services leave them alone
During the crusades when Saladin defeated the franks he honored the
defeated Frankish army and supplied them with food and during the third
crusade when Saladin’s enemy king Richard fell sick, Saladin sent him a
gift of fruits and horses.
#10. PRESIDENT OBAMA IS THE FIRST
MUSLIM PRESIDENT.
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FALSE  President Barack Obama was born
and raised a Christian. Even while living for
four years in heavily Islamic Indonesia,
Obama attended St. Francis of Assisi private
school (Catholic). He continues to practice
his Christian faith. (Note: A recent public
opinion poll showed that up to 22% of the
American public believe he is Muslim, up
from 14% when he was elected)
#11. EVERY MUSLIM IS EXPECTED TO VISIT
THE HOLY CITY OF MECCA ONCE IN THEIR
LIFE.
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TRUE  The Hajj, one of the main
pillars (beliefs) of Islam states that all
Muslims are to make a pilgrimage to
Mecca at least once in their life.
#12. ISLAM HAS NO HIERARCHY OF
BELIEVERS. (ALL MUSLIMS ARE EQUAL IN
IMPORTANCE)
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TRUE  Unlike Christianity, with its
pastors, priests, bishops, pope, etc.
Islam has no direct leadership
structure. Imams (prayer leaders) and
Ayatollahs (experts in Islamic Studies)
do exist, but just in those defined roles.
All Muslims, no matter how large,
small, male, female, old, or young are
considered equals in the faith.
Key Concepts from the World of Islam
VOCABULARY ACQUISITION
MECCA
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Holiest city of Islam.
Mecca is located in
Saudi Arabia and was
the birthplace of
Muhammad, the
location in which
Allah’s word was
revealed to him, and
the site of the Ka’ba.
QUR’AN
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The Holy Book of
Islam. The Qur’an is
the written record of
Muhammad’s
revelation for Allah.
KA'BA (KA’ABA)
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The Ka’ba is a cubical
shrine located in the
center of Mecca that
serves as the focal
point of pilgrimages to
Mecca. Believed to
have been built by
Abraham. Killing (and
weapons) are
forbidden in its
presence.
HIJRAH
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The Hijrah refers to
Muhammad’s flight
from Mecca to the city
of Medinah, 215 miles
to the north. As
Muhammad gained
more followers, the
tribal leaders in Mecca
found him to be a
threat and threatened
to kill him.
Caliph
Meaning “Successor to the
Prophet,” the caliph became the
leader of Islam. Note that the term
has both religious and political
significance. The empire they
controlled was referred to as the
Caliphate.
MAMLUK
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Under the Islamic
system of military
slavery, Turkic military
slaves who formed an
important part of the
armed forces of the
Abbasid Caliphate.
They eventually formed
their own state, ruling
Egypt and Syria.
ULAMA
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Muslim religious
scholars. They served
as the primary
interpreters of Islamic
law and the social
core of the Muslim
urban societies.
Shari’ah
The sacred law of Islam. Drawn
from the Quran and the Sunnah.
Deals with topics like crime,
politics, economics, hygiene, diet,
sexuality, prayer, and fasting.
HADITH

A tradition relating
the words or deeds of
the Prophet
Muhammad; next to
the Qur’an, the most
important basis of
Islamic law.
mosque
Islamic place of worship. The
equivalent of a temple,
cathedral, or church.
UMMA
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The community of all Muslims. A major innovation
against the background of seventh-century Arabia,
where traditionally kinship rather than faith had
determined membership in a community.
How did Islam become the fastest growing world religion and a major
empire?
WHAT IS THE APPEAL OF ISLAM?
FIRST PILLAR – PROFESSION OF FAITH
SECOND PILLAR – SALAH (DAILY PRAYER)
THIRD PILLAR –
ZAKAH
(ALMSGIVING)
FOURTH PILLAR – SAWM (RITUAL FASTING)
FIFTH PILLAR – HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA)
OTHER KEY BELIEFS:
All followers are equal in the eyes of Allah (no
hierarchy of believers)
 Conversion is never forced; tolerant toward
other monotheistic religions
 Halal practice - No pork, alcohol, sexual
practices, divorce
 Requires “submission to Allah” – central focus
of life
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SPREAD OF ISLAM- JIHAD-AMAZING SPEED
Abu Bakr- successor to Mohammed (caliph)
instituted the jihad (“Struggle to defend the
faith”)
 Spread primarily along trade routes, not by
force
 Key- convert or pay taxes, also promise of
paradise and brilliant generals
 Treated those conquered with civility (Dhimmi)
 Egypt- across North Africa- to Spain (East
toward India)
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CONFLICT WITHIN ISLAM
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Abu Bakr elected- Omar followed, two others
elected, killed (Succession Issue)
661- caliphate made hereditary in Damascus under
Umayyads
Mohammed’s descendant-- Ali Hussein disputedfollowers called Shiites (partisans of Ali)
Defeated in 680, but split Islamic world into Sunni
and Shiite
Split lasts till today- revival among Shiites
Iran mostly Shiite/ Iraq Sunni (90% Sunni, 10% Shiite)
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD
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Use of Arabic numerals
Math and astronomy- borrowed zero from India,
developed algebra
Medicine- developed treatments later basis of
European medicine and surgery
Paved streets, libraries and education when Europe
had none
Art and architecture-- no statues or figures- beauty in
buildings – Calligraphy and Arabesques
INTELLECTUAL LIFE
• Trade important- kept ideas going
• Preserved knowledge from Greeks
• Founded universities (Islamic idea) and centers
for learning (Cairo, “House of Wisdom” in
Baghdad)
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Built and rebuilt cities- art based on geometric figures, plants
(Arabesques)
FROM UMAYYAD TO ABBASID:
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Muhammad (610-632 CE) – Expansion and influence
beyond Mecca to entire Arabian peninsula
Rashidun Caliphate (632-661 CE) – “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
– Family of Muhammad
Fitna – 1st Islamic Civil War – Sunni/Shia Split (656-661 CE)
Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) – Based out of Damascus.
Favored Arab Muslims and emphasized expansion.
Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258 CE) – Based out of Baghdad.
Conquered by Mongols. Cultural Golden Age. Fought
Crusades.
Fatamid Caliphate (969 CE – 1100s) – North African Shia
Caliphate that split power with Abbasids for a period.
MUSLIM PRACTICES AND EXPANSION:
Jihad – “Struggle to Defend the Faith”
 Urban-centered and connected to trade (Why?)
 Appeals to poor (often in cities), need to learn
from other Muslims, tradition of trade amongst
early followers
 Shari’ah – Religious Law  tied to Qur’an and
Hadith (sayings and actions of Muhammad).
Often very literal and usually imposed by
Muslim rulers. Open to interpretation.
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