The Earliest Human Societies
UNIT -- 1
EARLY HUMANS WERE HUNTER-GATHERERS
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hunter- gatherers: hunted and gathered
their food.
When a hunter-gatherer ran out of food
they would move to another location.NOMADS
Early humans would use their natural
environment for shelter.
They lived in bands of 30 or more people.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF EARLY PEOPLE
Men: hunted and fished
Women: gathered foods- nuts and berries, cared
for the children
Children: worked with their parents, hunting or
gathering
HUNTER-GATHERERS AS NOMADS
a.
b.
c.
Hunter-gatherers were nomads, people who
moved from place to place
The act of moving from one place to settle in
another is called migration
Migrating to territory with others already there:
Good:
Knowledge and tools shared
Bad:
violent- when
feeling threatened
USING TECHNOLOGY IS IMPORATANT
Made work easier
b. Gave them more control over
their environment
c. Help set the stage for a more
settled way of life.
a.
DEVELOPING CULTURE
Main elements of pre-historic culture:
i. Language
ii. Religion
iii. Art
BEGINNINGS OF AGRICULTURE
a.
b.
c.
d.
By 8000 B.C. early humans had learned to
modify the environment by growing plants and
raising animals. PRODUCERS
Humans had to learn to domesticate animals
and plants.
Shift from food gathering to food producing is
known as the Agricultural Revolution
What changes did the Agricultural Revolution
bring about?
i. tools: created better tools to do more work, ex. Hoes, plows,
sickles
Ii. Tehnology: Improvements made agriculture humans’ most
important food source
THE FIRST COMMUNITIES
I. Settlements
begin:
a. When looking for a place to settle
people would find a place located
close to rivers.
b. Irrigation systems and fertile soil
allowed villages to develop.
The First Communities
II. Villages:
a. What were some of the advantages that
villages provided?
i. more food
ii. Safer
b. Disadvantages of living in a village
i. fire
ii. Disease
iii. flood
THE FIRST COMMUNITIES
III. Simple Villages grow more complex:
a. What two things led to the growth of villages?
i. Surplus- more than what is needed
ii. Specialization – skill in one kind of work.
b. People trained in a skill or craft are called:
artisans.
i. carpenters
iii. Cloth makers
ii.toolmakers
iv. potters
THE FIRST COMMUNITIES
Villages cont.
c. Specialization also led to social class, a
group of people with similar customs,
backgrounds or training.
d. government developed to keep order and
settle disputes.
e. Life in a complex village has a larger
population and greater supply of skills, ideas
and needs.
THE FIRST COMMUNITIES
IV. Catal Huyuk is an example of a complex
village.
a. Remains were found in present day Turkey
that date back to at least 9000 years.
b. They developed special skills such as making
tools and luxury items.
c. They became the center of trade, culture and
influence.