Roger Williams
Religious dissenter in the colonies, banned
to Rhode Island for his beliefs. Argued that
colonists were treating Indians poorly and
that Christians did not have to follow the
laws of man.
Thomas Paine
Author of Common Sense, argued that the
issues in the colonies were the fault of King
George and called for immediate revolution
John Winthrop
Governor of Massachusetts, famous quote
“shining city upon a hill”
James Madison
Author of the Constitution, became a
Democratic Republican after Alexander
Hamilton’s suggestion of the bank
Anne Hutchinson
Religious dissenter in the colonies,
challenged ideas of gender, eventually sent
to Rhode Island and New York
Abigail Adams
Republican Motherhood
John Rolfe
Learned to grow tobacco, married to
Pocahontas
Nathaniel Bacon
Leader of Bacon’s Rebellion, angered about
the treatment of indentured servants
John Smith
General who took control of Jamestown. “If
you don’t work, you don’t eat”
Alexis de Tocqueville
French politician who visited the US and
wrote “Democracy in America”. He argued
that what made America great was the
opportunity for social mobility as well the
existence of a republican democracy.
Samuel Adams
Attended Continental Congress, guided US to
Declaration of Independence
George Whitfield/Jonathan Edwards
1st Great Awakening ministers, famous for
their jeremiads including Edwards’ “Sinners
in the Hands of an Angry God”
Ralph Waldo Emerson/Henry David Thoreau
Transcendentalists, argued for individualism,
man’s unlimited potential
Horace Mann
Education reformers- argued for public
schools that also taught morality
Elizabeth Cady Stanton/Susan B. Anthony
Women’s rights advocates, leaders of the
Seneca Falls Convention
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist, Created the First Bank of the
United States, killed in a duel
Henry Clay
The Great Comrpomiser , War Hawk, helped
write the Compromise of 1850
Stephen Douglas
“The Little Giant”, engaged in the Lincoln
Douglas Debates against Senator Abraham
Lincoln, argued for popular sovereignty in
territories
William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist, writer of the Liberator,
considered to be radical because he allowed
women in his movement and argued for the
dissolution of the Constitution
Frederick Douglass
Former slave, published of the North Star
and Narrative of the Life of Frederick
Douglass
John Brown
Violent abolitionists who led raids in Bloody
Kansas as well as at Harper’s Ferry
Dorthea Dix
Antebellum reformer of mental institutions
John C. Calhoun
Jackson’s VP, quit because of the Peggy
Eaton affair, went on to become the voice
for the South
Andrew Carnegie
Gospel of Wealth, steel magnate
William Jennings Bryan
Populism, Free Silver, Cross of Gold
Speech
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Railroad tycoon
Mary “Yellin” Lease
Populist, ‘raise less corn and more hell’
Jane Addams
Social Gospel advocate, ran Hull House
Chief Joseph
Nez Perce chief in the late 1800s,
outspoken critic of American treatment
of Indians
Ida Tarbell/Ray Baker/Lincoln Steffens
Muckrakers
General Custer
Killed in a massacres known as Custer’s
Last Stand
Upton Sinclair
Muckraker, wrote The Jungle
Booker T. Washington
Black progressive, argued for economic
security in his speech “Atlanta
Compromise”
Jacob Riis
How the Other Half Lives
W.E.B. DuBois
Black progressive, founded the NAACP
and the Niagra Movement
Margaret Sanger
Advocate of birth control and women’s
rights
Langston Hughes
Harlem Renaissance poet
Carrie Nation and Frances Willard
Temperance Advocates- France Willard
ran the Women’s Christian Temperance
League
John Dewey
Leader of the Progressive Education
movement- argued that rote
memorization was not the purpose of
education.
The Hudson River School
Artists in the early 1800s, focused on
nature
Marcus Garvey
Back to African movement
Dorthea Lange
Great Depression photographer
J.P. Morgan
Banking tycoon, lends money to the US
during the Panic of 1907
Peter Cartwright
2nd Great Awakening circuit rider
Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol,
1950s modernist painters
Dred Scott
Slave who sued for his freedom. Result
of the case was that he nor any other
Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall
Tammany Hall was the Democratic
political machine in the late 1800s. Boss
Gifford Pinocht
Conservationist under Teddy Roosevelt
Samuel Gompers
Founder of the AFoL, a union for skilled workers
Huey Long
Opponent of FDR’s New Deal and the author of
the Share the Wealth plan
Benjamin Spock
Author of a book during the 1950s about child care
Al Capone
Mafia leader during the 1920s
George F. Kennan
Author of “Note X” which argued for containment
Babe Ruth/Jack Dempsey
Sports heroes of the 1920s
Joseph McCarthy
Senator who argued that Communists were
present in the US government in the 1950s.
Eventually attacked the army and his popularity
disappeared.
Henry Ford
Creator of the assembly line and the Model T
Alger Hiss
During McCarthyism, was accused by Nixon of
Communist ties
Charles Lindbergh
First transatlantic flight
Malcolm X
African American Civil Rights leader, argued for
separatism, black power and black nationalism.
F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, Gertrude Stein
All members of the Lost Generation, a group of
authors disgusted at 1920s consumerism and
lifestyle and eventually chose to move to France.
Martin Luther King Jr.
African American Civil Rights leader, argued for
non violence and pacificm.
Betty Friedan
Author of the Feminine Mystique
Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg
1950s and 60s Beatnik authors
Eleanor Roosevelt
First lady of FDR, advocate for African Americans
during the Depression
Henry Kissinger
Secretary of State under Ford and Nixon.
Pioneered the policy of détente, helped open
Communist China to the West and negotiated the
end of Vietnam
Eugene Debs
Leader of the AfoL and Socialist Party, eventually
put in jail under the 1917 Sedition Act
Rachel Carson
Author of Silent Spring
Terrence Powederly
Leader of the Knights of Labor which fought for
unskilled laborers and orchestrated a number of
violent strikes.
Phyllis Schlafly
Neoconservative, fought against the Equal Rights
Amendment
Cesar Chavez
Farm workers argument, led a hunger strike
Jack White and the Ghost Dance Movement
Native American belief system in which Native
Americans took aspects of the Ghost Dance and
synthesized it with their own beliefs. Argued that
through clean living, honest life and cross cultural
cooperation, white rule over the Indians could be
ended. The movement ends with the Massacre at
Wounded Knee