AP Human Geography:
Grab the warm up article on your way in, but don’t write
on it! Answer questions in your warm up section.
Your Test
• 3rd Period Class Average:
– FRQ: 77
– Multiple Choice: 69
• Multiple Choice:
– Certain questions had multiple correct answers or did not
count…my bad.
• FRQ:
– Overall pretty good, but…
– Why no examples?!
• Take out your My Tracking Sheet and add your
score for Political Geography. How did you do
compared to past tests?
Economic Development & the
World Economy
Unit 7: Economic Geography
Lesson 1
Main Idea of this Unit
• What parts of the world perform different
economic tasks in the modern global
economy, and why?
• Today, we’re just going to cover some basic
vocabulary.
Economic Development
• Process through which a
country improves its
economy
– Can involve diffusion of new
technology
How developed is a Country?
• Look at economic and demographic indicators:
• Economic indicators:
– GDP per capita
– % of people working in different types of jobs
• Social/demographic indicators include:
– Infant mortality rate
– Level of education
– Life expectancy
– Literacy rates
GDP (gross domestic product)
• Value of total amount of
goods and services
produced in a country in
a year
– good - Physical product
created for people
– service - Work or labor
created for people
per capita GDP / per capita income
• The average income of
the people in a country
• GDP divided by
population
• A better measure of a
country’s standard of
living than GDP (think
about how GDP is
misleading for China)
Annual GDP per capita, 2005
Fig. 9-2: Annual gross domestic product (GDP) per capita averages over $20,000 in most
developed countries but under $5000 in most less developed countries.
Human Development Index
• Another way to analyze a
country’s level of
development.
• Combination of life
expectancy, education, and
income
• Every country is given a score
from 0 to 1
• The closer to 1, the richer the
country
Human Development Index
Review!
• Based on old country quizzes, you know what
region of the world Haiti is.
• Based on old country quizzes, you know what
region Denmark is in.
Levels of Production in Countries
• 5 Levels: Most countries have all of these
levels, but in differing amounts
• Different levels of society are involved in
different types of production
Primary Production
• Involve taking natural
resources out of the
ground
• Examples: Oil
extraction, agriculture
fisheries, forestry
• Most basic level of
production
Secondary Production
• Taking natural resources
and turning them into
finished products.
• Become more common as
a society industrializes
• Examples: Clothes
manufacturing, turning oil
into gasoline, making
plastics
Tertiary Production
• Actually
selling goods
• Examples:
Salesmen,
shipping
industries,
education
Quartiary Industry
• Business services
• Become more common as an economy
advances
• Examples: Bankers, advertising, insurance
• Tend to be high paying jobs
Quinary Sector/Production
• Highest paid, intellectual
industries
• Also include luxury goods
like tourism and recreation
• Most common in highly
developed states
(countries)
• Examples: Research, health
care, government jobs
% of Workers in each Sector
MDCs vs. LDCs
World Systems Theory (Wallerstein,
Core-periphery model)
Since colonialism, relations between countries have been about countries
exploiting less powerful countries. Periphery countries will always be exploited by
core countries.
Core
Periphery
Production that involve higher
levels of education, higher
salaries, and more technology
* Generate more wealth in the
world economy
Production that involve lower levels
of education, lower salaries, and
less technology
* Generate less wealth in the world
economy
Semi-periphery
Places where core and periphery
processes are both occurring.
Places that are exploited by the
core but then exploit the
periphery.
Spatial Organization of the World Economy
Long-term Trends in Per Capita GDP
Millenium Development Goals
• Eight goals established by the United Nations to
reduce the gap in development between core
and peripheral countries.
Review Questions
• For each of the following, tell me which level of
primary-quinary industries is represented.
• I have a company that develops technology for
NASA in Houston.
• I have a company that picks bananas in
Colombia.
• I have a company that is trying to cure cancer
in the Medical Center in Houston.
• I have a company that makes posters for new
movies in Los Angeles.
• I work for an investment banking company on
Wall Street in New York City.
• I have a company that refines and makes
gasoline from oil in Saudi Arabia.
• This is a measure of a country’s development.
It includes per capita GDP, level of education,
and life expectancy.
• These are goals developed to help periphery
countries improve their HDI.
• These are countries that create the most
wealth in the global economy.
• I have a company that makes parts of iPhones
in China.
• This theory claims that the world can be
explained by rich countries exploiting poor
countries.
• These are countries that are usually exploited
by developed countries, but also exploit
developing countries themselves.
On the blank map…
• Circle and label the 7 continents.
• Put a star next to the ONLY continent that is
also a country.
• Circle and label a part of the world that would
be on the economic periphery.
• Circle and label a part of the world that would
be on the economic core.
• Circle the part of the world that has
membership in the European Union.
• Circle and label India and China.