APHG Unit 6 Concept List: Industrialization and Economic Development (CHs 9, 11, 14)
1. formal vs. informal economies
2. types of economic systems (planned/command,
market/free, mixed & subsistence, capitalism,
socialism, communism)
3. development (more than just economics)
4. Human Development Index (HDI) –know the four
factors and their types used to compute HDI
5. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National
Product (GNP), Gross National Income (GNI)
6. per capita
7. purchasing power parity (PPP)
8. sectors of the economy/jobs (primary, secondary,
tertiary, quaternary, quinary)
9. global trends with respect to sectors of economy
(MDCs vs. LDCs)
10. productivity
11. value added
12. raw materials
13. consumer goods
14. literacy rate
15. categories of wealth (More Developed Countries
(MDC) vs. Least Developed Countries (LDC))
16. Wallerstein’s world-system analysis:
core vs. periphery
17. Geographic distribution of economic cores and
peripheries (north/south split/gap)
18. Regional disparities of wealth within regions:
United States, Europe, and Latin America
19. Recent changes in the global geographic
distribution of wealth (China, India, Brazil…)
20. Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)
21. Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
22. theories about how countries develop: structuralist
theories (i.e. dependency theory and world-system
analysis) vs. liberal development theories (i.e.
Rostow’s modernization theory)
23. Self-sufficiency model
24. International trade approach (basically Rostow)
25. W. W. Rostow’s modernization theory
26. infrastructure
27. comparative advantage (i.e. Four Asian Tigers)
28. globalization of trade and the impact on local
economies
29. world trade, free trade zones, regional trading
blocs
30. Development strategies at different scales:
national, regional, and local
31. foreign direct investment (FDI)
32. transnational corporation, multinational
corporation, conglomerate corporations
33. International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
the World Bank
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
debt crisis, structural adjustment programs
privatization
fair trade vs. sweatshops
micro-lending (beginning with Muhammed
Yunus’ Grameen Bank in Bangladesh)
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
focus on women and development
sustainable development (social entrepreneurship)
tourism as a development strategy, ecotourism
42. The Industrial Revolution (definition, origin,
growth, and diffusion)
43. commodification of labor (result of I.R.)
44. manufacturing regions of the world
45. connection between industrialization and the
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
46. situational factors of industrial location
47. bulk gaining vs. bulk reducing industries
48. ubiquitous
49. footloose industries
50. perishable products
51. break-of-bulk points
52. comparative costs of transportation systems
53. site factors of industrial location (three)
54. textiles
55. cottage industry
56. Alfred Weber Least Cost theory
57. agglomeration vs. deglomeration
58. backwash effect
59. locational interdependence
60. multiplier effect
61. growth poles, technopole
62. change in the regional and also global distribution
of manufacturing (Asia, Latin Am, “Central” Eur)
63. right-to-work laws (regarding labor unions)
64. maquiladoras
65. the new international division of labor
66. outsourcing (examples and reasons)
67. special economic zones, export-processing zones
68. fordism
69. post-fordism (flexible production)
70. just-in-time delivery
71. unequal distribution of fossil fuels & implications
72. industrial pollution issues (air, water, land: C02
emissions (greenhouse effect), ozone depletion,
acid rain, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
73. Kyoto Protocol & global warming/climate change