Hero vs. Monsters
• Meet the Hero
– Beowulf
• He will encounter 3 monsters
– Grendel
– Grendel’s Mother
– Dragon
Beowulf
•
•
•
•
•
Composed in Old English
First significant piece of English literature
Long narrative poem @ 3200 lines
An Epic
Beowulf is an Epic hero
Anglo-Saxon Literature
• Told by a story teller called a scop
• Performed with a string instrument musical
background
• Anglo-Saxon Historical Past
• Opening lines in Old English
• The Battle
Epic Definition
• An extended narrative poem recounting
actions, travels, adventures, and heroic
episodes and written in a high style.
Characteristics of an Epic
• The main character or protagonist is
heroically larger than life, often the source
and subject of legend or a national hero
• The deeds of the hero are presented
without favoritism, revealing his failings as
well as his virtues
Characteristics cont.
• The action, often in battle, reveals the
more-than-human strength of the heroes
as they engage in acts of heroism and
courage
• The setting covers several nations, the
whole world, or even universe
Characteristics cont.
• The episodes, even though they may be
fictional, provide an explanation for some
of the circumstances or events in the
history of a nation or people
• The gods and lesser divinities play an
active role in the outcome of actions
Characteristics cont.
• All of the various adventures form an
organic whole, where each event relates in
some way to the central theme.
Typical in epics a set of conventions
• Poem begins with a statement of the
theme
• Invocation to the muse or other deity
• Story begins in the middle of things
• Catalogs participants on each side, ships,
sacrifices, weapons
Conventions
• Histories and descriptions of significant
items (who made a sword or shield, how it
was decorated, who owned it from
generation to generation)
• Use of patronymics (calling son by
father’s name)
Conventions
• Long, formal speeches by important
characters
• Journey to the underworld
• Use of the number three (attempts are
made three times, etc)
• Previous episodes in the story are later
recounted.
Examples
•
•
•
•
•
Homer, Iliad
Homer, Odyssey
Virgil, Aeneid
Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered
Milton, Paradise Lost
Beowulf
• Oral story
• Passed down from generation to
generation before being written down
• Written down by an unknown poet
• From Northumbria possibly a monk
Only known Manuscript
• Found 18th century
• Dates to @ 1000AD
• Part of Codex - containing 4 other volumes
– The Passion of St. Christopher
– The Wonders of the East
– Alexander’s Letter to Aristotle
– Judith (a fragment)
Only known Manuscript
• Burned and stained
• Survived Henry VIII’s destruction of the
monasteries
200 years earlier