Mathematics Teachers in the 21st Century: Shaping Young Minds for a Better Tomorrow Quezon, April 17,2015 Erico Memije Habijan, Public Servant Region 4 - A Features: A. The Two Theoretical Frameworks vs. The 21st Century Educators (Mathematics) B. Resistance vs. Acceptance where the magic happens C. The Study re: The 21st Century Learners D. Teaching the Habits of Minds. E. The New Grading System: Classroom Assessment F. The Challenge The Theoretical Model of Learning ASCD, 2013 Do you see the connections and interconnections? Perception of the 21st Century Learners re: - Education - Teaching - Learning Action Research 2014, MPC ANG PANANAW NG MAKABAGONG KABATAAN SA Isang malaking paghamon PAG-AARAL para sa mga kaguruan at mga pinuno ng paaralan? Recall (Minsan pa nating balikan ang nakaraang usapan!) Who are the 21st Century Learners? Sino-sino nga ba ang mga MAKABAGONG KABATAAN? GENERATION GEN TX T INSTANT GENERATION HALO-HALO GENERATION Ano ang PAG-AARAL para sa makabagong kabataan? How do generation Z leaners define Teaching and Learning? What are their feelings? What emotions do they have whenever they attend our classes? IBANG KLASE! SOBRANG SAYANG MAG-ARAL!!! HAAAAAAAY… KAILANGANG MAG-ARAL! GRRRRRR!!! AYAW KO NANG MAG-ARAL Hmmm… BAKIT KAYA GANITO? BORING MABAGAL m a h i n a. walang DATING PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT IT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT AULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT PAULIT-ULIT Paano kaya ito maaring tugunan? Dapat Magkatapat! (Partners vs. Partners) For the 21st Century Teacher means Teaching the Habits Of Minds Ang pinakamahusay na pagkakakilanlan ng aking sarili bilang guro ay ang epektibo kong pakikipagtalastasan sa aking mga MAG-AARAL. Dapat ako ay kanilang NAUUNAWAAN hindi lang naiintindihan! Halimbawa: Ano ba ang pagkakaintindi ng aking mga mag-aaral kapag tinatalakay ko ang DIVISION? Halimbawa: Management would always say that: Performance = ability x motivation Motivation = desire x commitment Ability = aptitude x training x resources Bigyan natin ng bagong depinisyon ang konspeto ng IMPOSIBLE Example: Which is NOT an example of deductive reasoning? a. a number is divisible by 2 if it is even. Sixty is an even number, therefore . . . b. On five consecutive years, Erick planted corn in December & January. Each time, he ha a good harvest. He concluded that for his land, the planting season for corn is the two-month period of December and January. c. The pattern in a series is given as 1 , 8, 27, 64, 125, and 216. Therefore the next number in the series is _____. Tandaan Nating lahat na sa salitang LISTEN Naroroon din ang kalipunan ng mga letra o titik para makabuo ng salitang SILENT. The Pedagogy of Mathematics means . . . Practice Minsan, hinaharangan ng BATO ang daloy ng ilog hindi dahil sa siya ay malakas o makapangyarihan, kundi dahil sa siya ay PURSIGIDO AT NAGPUPURSIGI. HUWAG NA HUWAG SUMUKO SA LABAN PERO HUWAG NAMANG MATIGAS ANG ULO KAPAG NAKIKIPAGLABAN. NAKIKINIG PALAGI ANG DIYOS SA MGA TAMA AT NAGPUPURSIGING MANALANGIN. Persistent in Inequality means . . . Gather & Analyze Data Ang Datos ay may HUGIS at ang hugis ay may KAHULUGAN. The Least Mastered Skills (2014) Least Mastered Skills Grade 3 Grade 6 Fourth Year Filipino 17/18 4/13 17/24 English 3/4 9/17 14/18 Mathematics 12/14 14/18 27/27 Science 10/10 9/9 31/31 9/9 17/21 AP Learn Continuously . . . Hindi ka pa magaling at mahusay! Iyan ang tatak ng mga taong di tumatanda at ayaw tumanda! ASCD, 2010 The Challenge . . . (Ang Hamon!) Finally, please consider the film “This Is It” by MJ this involves the following doctrines: PDI, QueenaLim a. Prepare well b. Be hands on c. Attend to details d. Never stop learning/ Learn from mistakes e. Practice to the nth f. Strive for “E” g. T.O.O. Finally, please consider the film “This Is It” by MJ this involves the following observations: PDI, QueenaLim Hindi lang basta HANDA, ang sabi PALAGING HANDA! HINDI MABUTING GURO ANG TURO NANG TURO BAGO NANUNUNO SA PUNSO! Prepare Well. PAA, TUHOD, BALIKAT ULO PERO HUWAG MONG KALIMUTANG MAY KAMAY KA AT DAPAT HAWAK NG KAMAY ANG IYONG PUSO. Be Hands on! MASARAP ANG MAGING MAKULIT, KASI DITO NAKIKITA ANG MALI. MINSAN NAKALILIMUTAN NATIN NA ANG PROBLEMA AY NASA DETALYE AT WALA SA KABUUAN. Attend to details. Never stop learning Learn from your own mistakes. TITIGIL LANG DAPAT ANG ANG PAG-ALAM AT PAGUNLAD KUNG IKAW AY ULYANIN NA. ULYANIN KA NA BA? Practice to the nth! HUWAG KANG TUMIGIL SA PAGRAMPA. MARAMING PANG DAPAT DAANAN. PERO, SIGURADUHIN MO NA MAPATAG ANG BAKUBAKONG DAANAN NA IYONG MARARAMPAHAN. Strive for “E” BAKIT NAMAN AVERAGE LANG ANG GUSTO MONG MARATING KAYA MO NAMANG MAGNG EKSELENTE. HUWAG MO LANG PILITIN ANG DI MO KAYANG ABUTIN KASI BAKA KA MAPILAYAN. The New Assessment and the New Grading System (Policy Guidelines on classroom Assessment for the K to 12 Basic Education Reform) Dep. Ed Order No. 8, s. 2015 ERICO MEMIJE HABIJAN - PUBLIC SERVANT PRIMING (The Big Idea/The Essential Questions) Sino ba ang dapat magtimbang? Ano ang dapat mong timbangin? Papaano ka ba magtimbang? (The Who, What and How of Assessment) The Context Critical Questions: (Point of Preference: HOT) A. Who is likely to benefit from assessment of HOT? B. What does assessment of HOT look like? C. When should we/I assess HOT? D. Where in my/our instruction should we/I plan to assess HOT? E. Why should I assess HOT? The Assessment Principles BrookHart (2014), ASCD 1. What you assess is a signal to students about what you think is important to learn. 2. What you assess helps define what students will, in fact, learn. 3. Assessing a higher-order skills leads to improved student learning and motivation. 4. The common core state standards and other next generation standards require teaching and assessing HOTs. What do we assess as evidence of learning? Why is it necessary to assess students before, during and after the lesson? What makes a HOLISTIC LEARNING? Who are responsible for learning? How Do We Asses Learning? Let’s Reflect! ? The Design (ASCD 2014) Pagtatasa Pagtatasa Para sa . . . (Assessment for) sa . . . (Assessment as) Pagtatasa ng (Assessment of) ABSTRACTION The Framework of Assessment (Habijan 2015 Ang Guro) Operational Framework Conceptual F Theoretical F The New Assessment and the New Grading System (Policy Guidelines on classroom Assessment for the K to 12 Basic Education Reform) Dep. Ed Order No. 8, s. 2015 The Theoretical Basis Theory A. Classroom Assessment – a joint process that involves both teachers and learners. Theory B. CA is an integral part of teaching and learning. Theory C. Assessment framework’s heart is the recognition and deliberate consideration of the learners’ zone of proximal development (Vygotsky 1978). Assessment facilitates the development of learners’ higher-order thinking and 21st-century skills The Philosophy & the Concept • Assessment shall be used primarily as a Quality Assurance tool to track student progress in the attainment of standards, promote self-reflection and personal accountability for one’s learning, and provide a basis for the profiling of student performance. Nature and Purpose of Assessment • Assessment shall be holistic, with emphasis on the formative or developmental purpose of quality assuring student learning. • Assessment is also standards-based as it seeks to ensure that teachers will teach to the standards and students will aim to meet or even exceed the standards • The students’ attainment of standards in terms of content and performance is a critical evidence of learning The Focus: The Assessment vs. The Classroom Assessment - Process that used to keep track of learners’ progress in relation to learning standards and in the development of 21st- century skills. - Promote self-reflection and personal accountability among students (their own learning) - Provide basis for the profiling of student performance on the learning competencies and standards of the curriculum - Use appropriate styles for different learners who come from diverse context, such as cultural background and life experiences. Identifying Quantitative and Qualitative Information ( re: achievement of LEARNERS) Interpreting Gathering Organizing Types of Classroom Assessment Formative Assessment Summative Assessment - Assessment for learning - teachers can make adjustments in their instructions - Assessment as learning – students reflect on their own progress. - May be given at any time during the teaching and learning process - Way to check the effectiveness of instruction - Tracking learners progress using systematic ways that can easily provide insight into a student’s learning - not included in the computation of the summative assessment. - Assessment of learning which occurs at the end of a particular unit - Occurs toward the end of a learning period in order to describe the standard reached by the learner. - Measures whether learners have met the content and performance standards. - Recorded and used to report on the learners’ achievement Principles of Assessment Teachers (ASCD 20110) Learners Assessment as Learning Philosophy: “the ONE in charge of learning is the _________. • Develops in the learner personal responsibility for learning. • Begins as the learner becomes aware of the goals of instruction and the criteria for performance. • He/ she generates his/her personal learning goals based on standards set, monitors his/her progress by regularly undertaking informal and formal selfassessment and by actively reflecting on his/her progress (meta-cognition) in relation to his/her personal goals. Assessment for Learning Philosophy: ‘effectiveness’ (The Strategy, The Methods and The Teacher) • This refers to formative assessment. • The teacher and learner use assessment primarily to improve learning and teaching. • It is about assessing progress, analyzing and feeding back the outcomes of assessment positively and constructively. • It is given at the beginning of teaching (diagnostic) or in the process of teaching (formative) to guide instruction and decision making Assessment of Learning Philosophy: Standards are ____ ___________ • Referred to as summative assessment. • Designed to measure the learners’ achievement at the end of a unit or module or quarter to determine what he/she has learned in comparison with content and performance standards. • Assessment results are the bases of grades or marks which are communicated to learners and parents. What is assessed in the classroom? Concept Development vis a vis Learning Standard in the Curriculum Learning Competencies Performance Standard Content Standard - The knowledge, understanding, skills, and attitudes that learners need to demonstrate in every lesson/learning activity. Abilities and skills that learners are expected to demonstrate in relation to the content standards Identify & set the essential knowledge and understanding the should be learned. LEVELS OF ASSESSMENT (ACTIVITY BASED) Bloom’s Taxonomy (New) PERFORMANCE 30% CREATING The basis in test Final Output (IND or GW) EVALUATING construction must be the Taxonomy ANALYZING of Bloom. APPLYING NOTE: Test is a recall of the “learning” done in the TLP PROCESS & UNDERSTANDING 55% (Group Discussion, Lab test/experiment, theme writing, paper writing, paper presentation etc.) UNDERSTANDING REMEMBERING KNOWLEDGE 15% (QE, UT, LT etc) ANTAS NG PAGTATASA (ACTIVITY-BASED) Ang Taxonomy ni Bloom (Bago) PAGLIKHA Ang isa sa mabisang pamantayan sa paggawa ng pagsususlit ay ang Bloom’s Taxonomy. (Habijan 2014, Ang Guro) PERFORMANS PAGTATAYA PAG-AANALISA PROSESO AT PAG-UNAWA PAGLALAPAT/PAGGAMIT PAG-UNAWA KAALAMAN PAG-BABALIK TANAW O KAISIPAN The Point of View (ASCD 2014) Acquisition 1. Ang Kaalaman ay ang galing at bisa ng isang mag-aaral sa paksa, depinisyon at pundasyong konsepto ng isang isang inaaral na larang o pilosopiya. (Deskursong deklaratib) (salin ni Habijan 2015 mula sa ASCD) 2. Ang kasanayan ay ang mahusay na kakayahan sa paggawa ng aksiyon o proseso. (Kaalamang Pamamaraan). (salin ni Habijan 2015 mula sa ASCD) Halimbawa: Maaaring alam ng bata na sauluhin ang kasabihang: “Walang makasisira sa bakal kundi ang kalawang lamang” Subalit di niya kaya itong ipaliwanag at bigyan ng kaukulang perpormans para magamit niya sa tunay at realidad na buhay. 3. Ang mag-aaral na may awtentikong pagkatuto ay: - nakakaiisip ng mga nakatutulong na impluwensiya, nakagagawa ng koneksiyon sa lahat ng paksa, at nakapagpapaliwanag ng matibay na paglalahat sa sariling salita at paniniwala - Nakagagawa ng sariling pagkatuto: mula sa sariling kaisipan sa kakaibang kaisipan na may tamang galaw at husay. Salin ni Habjan 2015 4. Ang taxonomoya ni Bloom ay nagbibigay mungkahi na ang isang mag-aaral na nakauunawa ay dapat na nakasusuri, nakalilikom, nakatataya ng mga impormasyon at sitwasyon ayon sa pansarili pamamaraan; ang mag-aaral ay nakauunawa ng prayoridad na pagkatuto at nagagamit ito nang mahusay at epektibo sa isang intelektwal na konteksto lalo na kung kailangan ang kanyang kaalaman, kasanayan at pag-unawa. Salin ni Habijan 2015 5. Ang sariling pagkatuto at paggawa ay nasa konteksto ng Translasyon o transfer. Ang pagkatuto ng mag-aaral ay nagaganap nang di dinidiktahan – kung ano at kung paano. Ang mag-aaral ay may kakanyahang mag-isip mula sa kanyang repertwang kaalaman. Kung papaano niya ito gawain ay siya lamang ang nakapagdidisisyon. (Salin Ni Habijan 2015) Translasyon o transfer ay nangangahulugang: - Paggamit ng natutunan at hindi pasalita lamang - Ang mga ginagawa ay hindi paulit-ulit lamang. Bagkus ito ay may nabubuong bagong ideya sapagkat may kaisipang bago at di luma. - Nagbibigay ito ng makabuluhang ‘tasa’ sa mga ginagawa na nanggaling sa malalim na pag-unawa at istratehiyang makabukuhan at makulay. (Salin ni Habijan 2015) THE CONTEXT: FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE CONTENT Formative Assessment in Different Parts of the Lesson: Before the Lesson, During the Lesson Proper, After the lesson THE CONTEXT . . . PERFORMANCE CONTENT SUMMATIVE TEST COMPONENTS - The Written Work Component – written works: quizzes, unit and long test (Cognitive Process Dimensions); KNOWLEDGE/INFOMRATION with Understanding - Performance Task Component – learners to show what they know and are able to do in diverse ways; performance based-tasks: skills demo, group presentation, multimedia presentation, research projects; PROCESS - Quarterly Assessment – student learning at the end of the quarter: objective tests, performance-based assessment, or combination thereof; BLOOM’S TAXONOMY but instruction and criteria is imperative. The Matrix of the Components of Summative Test (2015) COMPONENTS PURPOSE WHEN GIVEN WRITTEN WORK (WW) Understanding of concepts and application of skills in written form Prepare learners for quarterly assessment At the end of the topic or unit PERFORMANCE TASKS (PT) Involve students in learning process Give students opportunities to demonstrate Give students freedom Encourage students inquiry At the end of the lesson focusing on a topic/skill lesson Several times during the quarter Synthesize all learning skills, concepts, and values learned in an entire quarter Once, at the end of the quarter QUARTERLY ASSESSMENT (QA) The Grading System a. Uses a standards-based and competency based grading system. b. All grades will be based on the weighted raw score of the learners’ summative assessment. c. Minimum grade needed to pass a specific learning area is 60, w/c is transmuted to 75 in the report card. d. The lowest grade that can appear on the report card is 60 for quarterly grades and final grades. How Is Learner Progress Recorded/Computed ***FOR KINDERGARTEN - Checklists and anecdotal records are used instead of numerical grades. - Portfolio is critical and important: writing samples, accomplished activity sheets, and artwork. ***FOR GRADES 1 and 12 - There is only one Quarterly Assessment but there should be instances for students to produce written work and to demonstrate what they know and can do through Performance Tasks, but this must be spread out over the quarter. Note: Math = Filipino = English (as regards weight). Each learning area: = weight How are grades Computed ***FOR KINDERGARTEN - There are no numerical grades in Kindergarten. Descriptions of the learners’ progress in the various learning areas are represented using checklists and student portfolios. ***FOR GRADES 1 – 10 - The average of the Quarterly Grades (QG) produces the Final Grade. - The Final Grade in each learning an example of the Final Grades of the different learning areas and General Average of a Grade 4 student. ***FOR GRADES 11 and 12 - The two quarters determine the Final Grade in a semester. How is Learner’s Progress Reported The summary of learner progress is shown to learners, parents and guardians through parent- teacher conference, in which the report card is discussed. The grading scale, with its corresponding descriptors. Descriptor Grading Scale Remarks Outstanding 90 - 100 Passed Very Satisfactory 85 - 89 Passed Satisfactory 80 - 84 Passed Fairly Satisfactory 75 - 79 Passed Did not meet Expectations Below 75 Failed How are Learners Promoted or Retained (after the SY) Grade Level Requirements Decision 1-3 - Final grade is 75 (at least in all learning areas) - Did not meet expectations – not more than 2 learning areas - Did not meet expectations in three or more learning areas - Promoted - Pass Summer Remedial classes otherwise, Retained. - Retained in the same level 4 – 10 - do (1 -3 items) - must pass all learning areas in the Elementary - Must pass all learning areas in the Jr. High School 11 – 12 - do (1-3 items) - Must pass all subjects or learning areas in Sr. HS - do (1 – 2 items) - Earn the Elementary Certificate - Promoted to J. HS - Earn the Jr. HS certificate - Promoted to Sr. HS - do - Earn the Senior High School Certificate Note: Remedial Classes are graded; this could be done during summer class. Weight of the Component for Grades 1 – 10. 1 - 10 Components Language Araling Panlipunan EsPagpapakatao Science and Math MAPEH EPP TLE Written work 30% 40% 20% Performance tasks 50% 40% 60% Quarterly Assessment 20% 20% 20% 100% 100% 100% Weight of the Component for Grades 11 - 12. Core Subjects Academics All other subjects Work Immersion Research Buss Entre Simulation Exhibit Performance WW 25% 25% 35% PT 50% 45% 40% QA 25% 30% 25% 100% 100% Weight of the Component for Grades 11 - 12. Core Subjects Tech-Voc & TVL/SPORTS/ARTS & Design Track Academics All other subjects Work Immersion Research Buss Entre Simulation Exhibit Performance WW 25% 20% 20% PT 50% 60% 60% QA 25% 20% 20% 100% 100% Summative Assessment Consider the following: a. Given during remedial classes. Recorded, computed, weighted, and transmuted in the same way as Quarterly Grade. b. The equivalent of Final Grade for Remedial classes is the Remedial Mark Class (RCM). The final grade at the end of the school year and the RCM are averaged. This results in the Recomputed Final Grade. If the Recomputed F G is 75 or higher, the student is promoted to the next grade level. However, students will be retained in the grade level if their Recomputed Final Grade is below 75. c. The teacher if the remedial class issues the Certificate of Recommended Final Grade, which is noted by the School Head. This is submitted to the division office and must be attached to both Form 137 and school Form. How are Core Values for the Filipino Child Reflected in the Report Card The goal of K to 12 curriculum is to holistically develop Filipinos with 21st Century skills. The development of learners’ cognitive competencies and skills must be complemented by the formation of their values and attitudes anchored on the Vision, Mission, and Core Values of Dep. Ed Order 36, s. 2013. Non-Dep. Ed schools may modify or adapt these guidelines as appropriate to the philosophy, vision, mission, and core values of their schools. Note: Please see translated behavioral statements of the Core Values of Dep. Ed. (DO. No. 8, s. 2015). Maka-Dios Maka-Tao Maka-Bansa Maka-Kalikasan School may craft additional for the behavior statements. Schools must ensure that these are child-centered, gender –fair, and age-culture and culture-appropriate. ***A non-numerical rating scale will be used to report on learners’ behavior demonstrating the core values. Class adviser and other teachers agree on how to conduct these observations. ***Marking for the Observed Values Marking Non-Numerical Rating AO Always Observed SO Sometimes Observed RO Rarely Observed NO Not Observed ***How is Attendance Reported - A learner who incurs absences of more than 20% of the prescribed number of class or laboratory periods during the school year or semester should be given a failing grade and not earn credits for the learning area or subject. The Suggested Mathematics Class Record (Dep. Ed Order 2015) Written Work (WW) 30% (Quizzes – Group or Individual etc.) (HPS) Total PS WS Learner 25 25 25 25 100 100 30% A 20 19 20 22 81 81 24.30 B 10 18 25 13 66 66 19.80 The Suggested Mathematics Class Record (Dep. Ed Order 2015) Performance Task - 50% (Lab/Project/Group W/Rec/RW etc.) HPS Total PS WS Learner 40 40 40 40 160 100 50% A 20 19 20 22 81 50.62 25.31 B 10 15 28 13 66 41.25 20.63 The Suggested Mathematics Class Record (Dep. Ed Order 2015) Quarterly Assessment – 20% (Long Test/Research Paper/Projects etc.) HPS Learner Total PS 100 100 WS A 88 88 88 17.60 B 63 63 63 12.6 The Suggested Mathematics Class Record (Dep. Ed Order 2015) WW (WS) PT (WS) QA (WS) Initial Grade Quarterly Grade A 24.30 25.31 17.60 67.21 79 Passed B 19.80 20.60 12.60 53.0 73 Remedial Learner The Suggested Learner’s Card (Dep. Ed Order 2015) QUARTER Learning Areas 1 2 3 4 75 73 74 76 Average Final Grade Remarks 74.5 75 Passed (Pasado) Filipino English Math Science Ano pa ba ang di mo naibibigay para maging masaya ka sa pagtuturo at pagsukat sa bata at sa sarili mo bilang guro? Ano ba ang makapagpapasaya sa iyo at dapat mong ibigay sa iyong mga mag-aaral bilang GURO? Ako, ganito ko siya sasagutin! I wanna give I wanna give my love to you completely I beg of you I beg of you to listen to my heart I've never prayed like this before And I'm askin' you not to close the door For I can tame the wind and smooth the waters If you just let me I've never prayed like this before And I'm askin' you not to close the door For I can tame the wind and smooth the waters If you just let me I wanna give I wanna give you all the strength within me To make a world To make a world that cannot fall apart And you can sit upon a throne Oh, I'll give it all just for you alone For I can tame the wind and smooth the waters If you just let me And you can sit upon a throne Oh, I'll give it all just for you alone For I can tame the wind and smooth the waters If you just let me Other Details, pls. read Dep. Ed Order no. 8, s, 2015 A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Transmutation Table Computation Kind of Grade Averaging MAPEH Grading System Senor High School Character/Attitude Attendance Forms MARAMING SALAMAT PO! BRO. ERICO M. HABIJAN