CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
Výukový materiál GE 02 - 59
Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková
Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller
Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů
Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005
Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
2014
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
chromosomal aberations
 they do not change genes like that
 they change the structure of chromosomes
 change in the extension of hundred genes
 they can be observed by light microscope
 significantly bigger extension of
 phenotypical changes
 breaking of chromosome occur

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
they arise after:
 breaking of a chromosome
 breaking of a chromatid
 following reconnection
 or the loss of the broken section

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
deficiency – loss of the fragment between
two breaks on the chromosome arm
 after short deletions can occur connection;
so called chromosomal ring
 translocation = transpose of a chromosome
part on another chromosome
 after break of the end sections of two
different chromosomes and after reciprocal
exchange – reciprocal translocation

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
deletion = loss of an internal
chromosome part
 inversion= reverse of a chromosome
section
 duplication = doubling of a
chromosome part
 fragmentation = break-up of a
chromosome into more parts

CHROMOSOMAL ABERATIONS
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
in contrast to gene mutations
chromosomal mutations (aberrations)
can be an obstacle in normal process
of meiosis
 gametes are sterile
 zygotes not vital

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS


in contrast to gene mutations
chromosomal mutations can be an
obstacle in normal process of cell
division
chromosome without a centromere
cannot connect to the dividing spindle >
it disappears
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
chromosomal mutations are an obstacle
in normal process of meiotic division
 by meiosis it disables synapsis
 abnormal gametes arise
 after fertilization defect zygotes arise

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
chromosomal mutations arise relatively
often
 it occurs at about 5 % zygotes arisen
by fertilization of gametes carrying
chromosomal mutations
 defect zygotes though mainly die at
the beginning of embryonal
development

WORKSHEET
DESCRIBE
THE PICTURE
WORKSHEET
DESCRIBE
THE PICTURE
SOURCES

CHALUPOVÁ-KARLOVSKÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie:
středoškolská učebnice : evoluce, biologie buňky, genetika : s 558
řešenými testovými otázkami. 2., opr. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství
Olomouc, 2010, 206 s. ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0