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Blood and the Lymphatic System
Inquiry into Life – pg. 226-230, 240-251
Today’s Objectives:
 Describe the components of blood, including:
 Describe the shape, function, and origin of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
 List the major components of plasma
 Explain the roles of antigens and antibodies
 Describe the inter-relationships of the structures of the lymphatic system, including:
 Describe the functions of the lymphatic system
 Identify and give functions of lymph capillaries, veins, and nodes
Components of Blood
 A) __________: 55% of blood
 B_________________: 45% of blood
 _____________ (Red Blood Cells)
 _____________ (White Blood Cells)
 _____________ (Platelets)
FEATURE
RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD
CELLS
SHAPE
Variable, Amoeboid
FUNCTION
ORIGIN
PLATELETS
Blood clotting
Bone marrow
Lymphoid Tissue
ALSO CALLED
Thrombocytes
CONSTITUENTS OF PLASMA
NAME
A. Water (90%)
FUNCTION
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
B. Plasma Proteins
a) Albumen
b) Fibrinogen
c) Globulins
__________________________________________.
-___________________________
-___________________________
-___________________________
C. Gases
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon Dioxide
-___________________________
-___________________________
D. Nutrients
a) A.A. Glucose,
Fatty acids, Glycerol
Energy source - _____________________________
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E. Salts
____________________________
____________________________
F. Wastes
_________________________________________.
Shape, Function, and Origin of RBC
 Red Blood Cells (_______________)
 Live about 120 days
 Produced in ______ _______ _____________ (in skull, ribs, vertebrae, and long bones)
 Myeloid _______ ________ form RBC
 These stem cells are called Erythroblasts, which will differentiate into
Erythrocytes
 Produce about 5 million/second
 RBC contain a protein called hemoglobin
 Old RBC destroyed in the ________ and _________
Hemoglobin
 Hemoglobin contains _______ (gives its red color)
 Picks up _________ in the lungs then releases is it in the tissues
 Approximately ________________ hemoglobin molecules in one RBC
 If hemoglobin was not packaged in RBC, oxygen would leak out of the circulatory system
Shape, Function, and Origin of WBC
 White Blood Cells (_______________)
 Larger than RBC
 Have a __________ (RBC do not)
 Less numerous than RBC (________)
 Do not have a definite _________
 Function:
 Fights against ____________ in two ways:
 ______________
 Produce ______________
Types of White Blood Cells
 Granular Leukocytes (_________________)
 Have _________, or granules in their ____________ which are filled with enzymes and
proteins to fight against microbes
 Formed in the _________ ____________
 60-70% of Leukocytes
 Example: ______________ – phagocytize and digest bacteria
 Agranular Leukocytes (_________________)
 _____ granules in cytoplasm
 Produced by ______________ __________
 25-30% of Leukocytes
 Example: _____________ (phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris) and
_______________ (responsible for specific immunity)
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Agranulocytes
 Monocytes:
 Largest WBC
 Take up residence in tissues
 Differentiate into larger ``_______________`` which phagocytize microbes and
stimulate other WBC
 Lymphocytes:
 ______________ – produced in bone and lymphoid tissue
 ______________ – produced in the thymus and give rise to plasma cells
Platelets (________________)
 2 billion produced/day
 Broken fragments of larger cells
 Very important in ________ ____________
Blood Clotting:
 Need three things in blood:
 - ______________
 - ______________
 - ______________
 1) Platelets __________ at the site of the “leak” and partially close it
 2) Platelets and the injured tissue together release an enzyme called Thromboplastin
 3) Thromboplastin converts a blood protein (Prothrombin) into a new substance called
Thrombin
 4) Thrombin acts as an enzyme that breaks the ends off another blood protein called
Fibrinogen
 5) Fibrinogen is then converted into Fibrin
 6) Fibrin has sticky ends and forms a lattice or network over the leak where blood cells get
trapped, forming a clot
 7) Fibrin clot is only temporary – as soon as the blood vessel repair is initiated, and enzyme
called Plasmin destroys the network
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Lymphatic System
 Functions:
 1) Takes excess ________ ________ and sends it to the ________________
___________ (lymphatic system joins the circulatory system at the ______________
_______)
 2) Products of fat digestion are absorbed into __________ which lead to the
_________ ____________ and __________
 3) Lymph nodes produce _______________ (a type of WBC) and help the body defend
against __________
 4) Lymph nodes act as __________ and trap _________ and other _________ (helps to
purify the body fluids)
Lymphatic Structures
 ___________:
 Largest Lymphatic Tissue
 Produces lymphocytes and stores excess _________
 If your blood pressure is _________, stores blood so blood pressure lowers
 If your blood pressure is ______, it contracts and squeezes out blood, sending it back
to the system so that blood pressure rises
 __________________:
 Bi-lobed structure which is important
In the maturing of _______________
 Gets smaller as you age
 _____________ _____ ____________:
 Contain lymphoid tissue
 Thought to help remove invading organisms and viruses
 _____________ ___________:
 Produce lymphocytes and stores excess blood
 __________ ____________:
 Similar to veins, but fluid only travels in one direction (lymph veins and capillaries, but
no lymph arteries)
 __________ _________:
 Small oval or round tissues which filter fluids and produce lymphocytes
 ___________:
 Sacs in villi of digestive system which absorb products of fat digestion
Infection Fighting – Inflammatory Response
 Foreign Substances (bacteria or viruses) attack
 Monocytes and Neutrophils engulf the bacteria or viruses in amoeboid fashion (___________)
 These WBC are able to travel to the site of the infection through ___________ network
 Dead tissue, cells, bacteria, dead and living neutrophils all together make up ______
Lymphocytes
 Produce ______________
 One antibody fights a specific _____________ (foreign protein)
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 Antigen + Antibody ____________ ____________
 _______________:
 A protein found in the outer membrane of _______
 Stimulate an _____________ ____________ (production of antibodies)
 The type of protein determines the _________ _________
 Can also be a foreign protein introduced to the body
 _______________:
 A protein found in the __________
 Attack unwanted proteins (__________ ___ __________)
 End result is ________________
ABO BLOOD SYSTEM
Blood Group
A
B
AB
O
Proteins on Red
Blood Cells
(Antigen)
Clumping Chemicals in
Plasma
(Antibody)
Can Accept Transfusions
from Group(s)
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Rhesus Factor
 Red blood cells may have another antigen called _________ ____, known as the _________
__________
 This distinguishes blood as being ______ or ______.
 Therefore there are ____ possible blood types.