The Rock Cycle
Rock:
Rock Cycle: the ____________ by which, over many years, Earth _____________change back and forth
among magma, igneous rocks, sediments, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks
Earth material made of _______________
Igneous Rocks:
rock formed when __________or ___________ cools
Lava:
Magma:
Intrusive:
Extrusive: igneous rocks that form when magma __________ onto Earth’s surface and cools as lava
(volcanic)
Basaltic or Mafic: dark-colored igneous rocks that form from __________ rich in iron & magnesium
Granitic or Felsic: light-colored igneous rocks, form from magma rich in ____________and oxygen
molten rock from a _____________ flowing on Earth’s surface
molten rock_____________ Earth’s surface
_______________ rocks that form below Earth’s surface (plutonic)
Sedimentary Rocks:
rock formed when _____________ become pressed or cemented together
Sediments: loose materials such as_____________ fragments and mineral grains that have been
transported by wind, water, or _______________
Weathering:
Erosion:
Deposition: the build up of ____________ on the bottoms of lakes, ____________ and the ocean floor
usually in layers
Compaction: sedimentary rock-forming process that occurs when layers of sediment become
_____________ by the weight of layers above them
Cementation: sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediments are ____________ together by
minerals ____________ between the sediments
the breaking of rocks into smaller pieces, either _______________ or chemically
the process that moves____________________ rocks from one location to another
Metamorphic Rock:
rock formed from existing rock when the __________ or pressure changes
Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
Gneiss – metamorphosed granite ; Slate – pressure exerted on shale (claystone/
mudstone); Schist – high heat and pressure exerted on ____________
Quartzite – metamorphosed quartz ___________; Marble – formed from the compression of __________
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