The Rock Cycle
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Rock:
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Rock Cycle: the ____________ by which, over many years, Earth _____________change back and forth
among magma, igneous rocks, sediments, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks
Earth material made of _______________
Igneous Rocks:
rock formed when __________or ___________ cools
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Lava:
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Magma:
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Intrusive:
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Extrusive: igneous rocks that form when magma __________ onto Earth’s surface and cools as lava
(volcanic)
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Basaltic or Mafic: dark-colored igneous rocks that form from __________ rich in iron & magnesium
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Granitic or Felsic: light-colored igneous rocks, form from magma rich in ____________and oxygen
molten rock from a _____________ flowing on Earth’s surface
molten rock_____________ Earth’s surface
_______________ rocks that form below Earth’s surface (plutonic)
Sedimentary Rocks:
rock formed when _____________ become pressed or cemented together
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Sediments: loose materials such as_____________ fragments and mineral grains that have been
transported by wind, water, or _______________
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Weathering:
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Erosion:
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Deposition: the build up of ____________ on the bottoms of lakes, ____________ and the ocean floor
usually in layers
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Compaction: sedimentary rock-forming process that occurs when layers of sediment become
_____________ by the weight of layers above them
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Cementation: sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediments are ____________ together by
minerals ____________ between the sediments
the breaking of rocks into smaller pieces, either _______________ or chemically
the process that moves____________________ rocks from one location to another
Metamorphic Rock:
rock formed from existing rock when the __________ or pressure changes
Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
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Gneiss – metamorphosed granite ; Slate – pressure exerted on shale (claystone/
mudstone); Schist – high heat and pressure exerted on ____________
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Quartzite – metamorphosed quartz ___________; Marble – formed from the compression of __________