Exams Back
[with a significant point adjustment]
• Check grading as
always
• Two exams without
names – please see me
if you do not receive
yours back in your
mailbox!
• Keys on Blackboard
• Exam Statistics
• Distribution of Grades
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–
–
–
–
A
B
C
D
F
30
26
23
20
19
• Range of scores
– 42-100
Important Announcement
• Make-up exams – Friday, 12 December
– 3:00-5:30 in Jenks 406
– If you have missed an exam, this will be the day to retake
it. It will be in essay format.
– If you wish to re-take any exam on which you have not
earned the grade you would like, you may do so on
reading day. You must let me know via e-mail by the end
of this week (5 December) if you wish to take advantage
of this option.
– In order to study for these exams, please use the study
questions posted on Blackboard.
O Come, O Come Immanuel,
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And ransom captive Israel,
That mourns in lonely exile here
Until the Son of God appear.
Rejoice, rejoice;
Immanuel shall come to thee, O Israel.
O Come, Thou Rod of Jesse, free
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Thine own from Satan’s tyranny
From depths of hell Thy people save,
And give them victory o’er the grave.
Rejoice, rejoice
Immanuel shall come to Thee, O Israel.
O Come, Thou Key of David, come
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And open wide our heavenly home;
Make safe the way that leads on high,
And close the path to misery.
Rejoice, rejoice;
Immanuel shall come to thee, O Israel.
Prophets of the South:
The Destruction of Jerusalem
Review Questions
• What “super-power” was the major threat during
the prophetic ministries of Isaiah and Micah?
• For which good king did Isaiah serve as
“advisor”?
• Which king initiated a reform during which the
Torah was found?
• Approximately how many years passed between
that event and the fall of Jerusalem to the
Babylonians?
Jeremiah
“Let the one who has my word
speak it faithfully” (23:28)
The Political Circumstances
(Jer 1:2-3)
• From the 13th year of Josiah (627) to the 11th year of
Zedekiah (586) – oracles not in chronological order
– Jehoahaz
– Jehoiakim
– Jehoiachin
• Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar were in control of
Judah – Jer 34:6-7 – only Lachish and Azekah left
• Israelites were deported to Babylon in 605 and 597 prior
to Temple’s destruction (586) – this is why Jeremiah
wrote to people already in Babylon
• Egypt was a tempting alternative for some – Jer 42-44
on the flight of the remaining people to Egypt
Exile to Babylon
Jeremiah’s Difficult Calling
• The initial calling as son of Hilkiah (1:1)
• Called before he was born (1:5)
• Called to stand in opposition to the Religious
Establishment (1:17-19)
• Continued opposition:
– From kings (32:3 – Zedekiah; 36:1-32 – Jehoiakim)
– From false prophets and priests (20:1-6 – Pashur;
23:9-40; 28:1-17 - Hananiah)
– From the people (11:18-22 – plot to kill him)
– Jeremiah’s feelings about his ministry: grief and
dismay (4:18-22); despair (20:7-18); apparently
ineffective ministry for 23 years (25:3)
The Imagery in Jeremiah’s
Messages
• Linen belt (ch 13) – symbolizing binding the people
of Israel to God
• Potter’s house (ch 18)
• Breaking a jar in Hinnom Valley (ch 19)
• Basket of figs (ch 24) – the good figs were those
who had gone to Babylon with Jehoiachin; the bad ones
were the ones remaining under Zedekiah
• Wearing a yoke (ch 27) – symbolizing
subservience to Nebuchadnezzar of Judah and all the
surrounding peoples
The Content of Jeremiah’s
Messages
• The disobedience of generation after generation
would bring the curses of the covenant (Lev 26)
• Exile and judgment
– Captivity in Babylon for 70 years (25:11)
– The cup of God’s wrath (25:15-17; see also Jer 13:13;
49:12; 51:7; Isaiah 52:17-23; Ezekiel 23:32-34; Psalm 60:3; and
the seven bowls of God’s wrath – Revelation 16-17)
• Promises
– Return from exile and restoration (29:10-14)
– New covenant (ch 31 quoted in Hebrews 8)
Additional Information about
Jeremiah
• Baruch was Jeremiah’s scribe
• Jeremiah’s words contain prophecies for
other nations (chs 46-51)
• Lamentations was ascribed to Jeremiah
– Chapters 1-4 are acrostics
– Chapter 5 is not – representing complete
absence of order
– Note 3:21-26
Habakkuk
• Literary forms in the book
– Questions (complaint) of the prophet and answers
from God
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“How can evil go on unchecked?”
God will raise up the Babylonians!
“How can God use a nation so vile?”
The wicked will not last. Evil is self-destructive but the
righteous must live in faithfulness (note Galatians 3:11)
– Psalm of God’s appearing in judgment (3:1-16) and
the prophet’s faith (3:17-19)
• Lessons
Obadiah
• Background and date
– probably around the time of the fall of
Jerusalem
– Parallels with Jeremiah 49:9
• Messages
– Doom on Edom
– Day of the Lord for all nations
– Restoration for Israel
“Clefts of the rock” (Sela)
Zephaniah
• Background – descendant of Hezekiah;
during time of Josiah
• Messages
– Comprehensive destruction on the Day of the
Lord in conjunction with specific
condemnation of Judah and Jerusalem
– Condemnation of surrounding nations
– Restoration