The Upper Limb aka The Arm
This is going to take some studying!
Bones of the upper limb (30/per limb)
Arm and Forearm
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
Wrist (8)
• Scaphoid
• Lunate
• Triquetral
• Pisiform
• Trapezium
• Trapezoid
• Capitate
• Hamate
– Just call them
carpals!
Palm/Hand
• Metacarpals (5)
• Phalanges (14)
• Proximal
• Middle
• Distal
Humerus
• Largest bone of upper
limb
• Articulates with radius
and ulna distally
• Proximally articulates
with scapula at
shoulder
AFV
Posterior view
Humerus
Points to know
• Head – meets glenoid cavity
Posterior view
Humerus
Points to know
• Greater tuberosity
– Lateral tuberosity
– Muscle attachment!
Posterior view
Humerus
Points to know
• Lesser tuberosity
– medial point of muscle
attachment
Posterior view
Humerus
Points to know
• Deltoid tuberosity
– Roughened site for rotator
cuff attachment
Posterior view
Humerus
Points to know
• Trochlea
– Articulation for the ulna
Posterior view
Humerus
Points to know
• Capitulum
– “ball like” attachment for
radius
Posterior view
Humerus
Points to know
• Epicondyles
– Ulnar n. runs behind medial
epicondyle
Humerus
• Coronoid fossa
– Anterior fossa allows for
ulna to articulate when
flexion happens
• Olecranon fossa
– Posterior fossa allows
for ulna to articulate
when extension happens
Antebrachium or Forearm
• Proximally articulate
with humerus
• Distally articulate with
carpal bones
• Radius and Ulna
• Attach twice at
radioulnar joints
• Interosseous membrane
between the two
Ulna
What comes after L?
• Forms the Elbow!
• Olecranon process
• Coronoid process
– Together form the hinge
joint with humerus
Ulna info
• While a large part of
elbow, very little
influence on wrist
• Separated by
fribrocartilaginous disc
from wrist
• Distally ends in head
and styloid process
• Where else did we see
styloid process?
Radius
major forearm bone
• That at proximal end
wide distally
– (Opposite ulna)
• Very little contribution
to elbow
• Large influence on
wrist!
• Meaning: You move the
radius, the hand will
move!
Radius markings
• Head like a nail
Radius markings
• Head like a nail
• Radial tuberosity –
anchors bicep
Radius markings
• Styloid process is distall
– anchors ligaments to
wrist
Radius markings
• Head like a nail
• Radial tuberosity –
anchors bicep
• Styloid process is distall
– anchors ligaments to
wrist
“Getting a Grip” questions
1. According to the author, what made Richard
Owen a genius?
2. What is the theme of this book?
3. What pattern does Owen recognize?
4. What does Darwin claim is responsible for
the similarities in animal limbs?
5. What about the lung fish is not a coincidence
at all?
6. Why is Ichthyostega a “let down?”
What is connected to the wristwatch?
(The distal forearm )
The Wrist
• 8 bones – connected by
ligaments
• 2 rows of marble sized
bones
• Form roof for median
nerve and tendons to
travel through
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqImkDgD
wHU
The Wrist
This hollow area comparable to a
tunnel
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Overuse of tendons
cause them to swell
• Press on median n
What do you think this
causes?
The Palm &
The Ollll Metacarpals
•
•
•
•
No names
just numbers
1-5 Lateral to medial
Metacarpals heads form
knuckles
Phalanges!
• 14 total/hand
• Thumb only has two
phalanges
Proximal
Intermediate
Distal