Circulation
and
Respiration
Chapter 2
Vocabulary
Cardiovascular
System
Heart, Blood
and Blood Vessels
Vein
carries blood
to the heart
Artery
blood carried away
from the heart
Section 1: The Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary
Circulation
blood flows from the
heart to the lungs
and back to the
heart
Systemic
Circulation
blood flows from the
heart to all parts of
the body and back
to the heart
Section 1
The Cardiovascular System
The heart is the organ made
mostly of cardiac muscle.
Heart
The Cardiovascular System:
1. Helps maintain homeostasis.
2. Helps in regulation by chemical signals
called hormones.
1. What is the Heart muscle called?_____________
ligament
cardiac
carries blood
to the heart
Vein
Veins:
Valves in the veins keep the blood from flowing
backward.
1. Veins keep the blood flowing.
2. Veins carry blood to the heart.
1. What carries blood to the heart?_____________ veins
oxygen
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbttJ5do9M
Click on the blue button to watch a video on the Heart.
blood carried away
from the heart
Artery
Arteries:
Arteries have thick walls that contain muscle.
1. Artery walls stretch.
2. Arteries are strong to stand pressure.
1. What do the walls do in the artery?________________
stretch
break
strong
2. Arteries stand pressure because they are?___________________
weak
Section 2:
Blood
Blood
Blood
Pressure
fluid that carries
nutrients and
wastes
force of blood
fluid that carries
nutrients and
wastes
Blood
The fluid part of the blood is called Plasma.
Plasma contains:
1) Red blood cells
2) White blood cells
3) Platelets
Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells take oxygen
to every cell in your body.
Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein.
Platelets are pieces of larger cells found in bones.
White blood cells keep you healthy by destroying pathogens.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEmsaXA-go0
Click on blue button to watch a video on blood and platelets.
Blood
Pressure
force of blood
Blood pressure cuff
Blood pressure is given as two numbers:
Systolic: 1st number: is the pressure inside large arteries when the ventricles contract.
Diastolic: 2nd number: is the pressure inside arteries when the ventricles relax.
Each person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, O
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/videos/humanbody/heart.html
Click on the blue button to watch a video on the heart.
Section 3: The Lymphatic System
The Lymphatic System collects excess fluid and returns it to your bloodstream.
Bone Marrow
soft tissue inside
the bone
Tonsils
lymphatic tissue at the back
of the mouth on either
side of the tongue
soft tissue inside
the bone
Bone Marrow
Most red and white blood cells are produced in
your bone marrow.
Bone marrow is located inside the bone.
1) Where is bone marrow located?_________
inside
outside
blood cells
2) What is produced in the marrow?_________
lymph nodes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_d0ykpzQgY
Click the blue button to watch a video on how the blood pumps.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpsGsfuffEM
Click the blue button to watch a video on red blood cells.
Tonsils
lymphatic tissue at the back
of the mouth on either
side of the tongue
Tonsils help the body defend against infection.
Sometimes tonsils can become sore and swollen.
If a child has frequent infections or has enlarged tonsils, a
doctor will remove the tonsils.
1) What helps your body against infection?_______________
healthy eating
tonsils
Section 4: The Respiratory System
Respiration
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
The process where the body
gets oxygen and releases
carbon dioxide
Throat
The part of the throat that
contains the vocal cords
The tube that connects
the larynx to the lungs
The process where the body
gets oxygen and releases
carbon dioxide
Respiration
Breathing: Inhaling & Exhaling
Cellular Respiration
- You need to breathe to live.
- Chemical reactions that release energy from
food.
1) What do you need to live?________________ breathing
a dog
2) What do you inhale?______________ oxygen
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
3) What do you exhale?____________
oxygen
Blowing up a balloon
is exhaling.
Pharynx
Throat
Food and drink travel through the pharynx on the way to the stomach.
A) The pharynx branches into two tubes.
B) One tube is the esophagus and the other is the larynx.
C) The esophagus leads to the stomach.
D) The larynx leads to the lungs.
esophagus
1. What tube leads to the stomach?_____________
lungs
1
The part of the throat that
contains the vocal cords
Larynx
The vocal cords are a pair of elastic bands
that stretch across the larynx.
A) Muscles connected to the larynx control how
much the vocal cords are stretched.
B) When air flows between the vocal cords,
the cords vibrate.
C) These vibrations make sound.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xH8mT2IQz7Y
Click on the blue button to watch a video on sound.
air flow
1) Why do vocal cords vibrate?____________
liquid flow
vibrations
2) What makes sound?______________
elastic bands
larynx
The tube that connects
the larynx to the lungs
Trachea
The Trachea is also known as your windpipe.
A) Your body has two, large spongelike lungs.
B) The trachea is the passageway for air
traveling from the larynx to the lungs.
trachea
1) What is the passageway for air?____________________
esophagus
2) the trachea is also known as the?___________________
windpipe
esophagus