7.1
 Summarize the key developments in the
transportation revolution of the early 1800s.
 Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the
early 1800s.
 Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial
developments in the early 1800s.
 Transportation Revolution
 Technology Sparks Industrial Growth
 Inventions Transform Industry and Agriculture
 Read section 7.1
 Fill in the table on pg. 228 with the causes and effects
of the transportation revolution and industrialization.
 When the United States began to expand they learned
quickly that travelling by land was going to be very
difficult and costly.
 Some states began chartering companies to operate
turnpikes, these were roads for which users had to pay
a toll.
 Most of these turnpikes failed except the National
Road that was made of crushed rock.
 Funded by the government the road extended west
from Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818.
 The first major advance in transportation was the
development of the steamboat.
 Robert Fulton designed the first commercially
successful steamboat- the Clermont.
 The steamboat made it much easier to move upstream.
 It used to take four months to go from New Orleans to
Louisville Kentucky, once the steamboat arrived it
went down to six days.
 A second transportation advance was the construction
of canals.
 The most famous during this era was the Erie Canal.
 Completed in 1825 it ran 363 miles across New York
State from Lake Erie to the Hudson River.
 This helped make New York City the nation’s greatest
commercial center.
 Railroads were the most dramatic advance in
transportation in the 1800s.
 In the United States horses pulled the first American
trains.
 Quickly inventors figured out how to make steam
powered engines.
 The American rail network expanded from 13 miles of
track in 1830 to 31,000 miles in 1860.
 The transformation of technology and manufacturing
became known as the Industrial Revolution.
 This changed the nation’s economy, culture, social life,
and politics.
 A man named Samuel Slater defied English law and
came to the United States and built the first waterpowered textile mill in 1793.
 Francis Cabot Lowell in 1811 toured England’s factory
towns to gather secret information about their
manufacturing.
 He returned and created a company called the Boston
Associates, in 1813 they built their first mill and
continued on building them along the Merrimac River.
 This is the first time you begin to see commercial
factories.
 The company would hire young single women from
local farms to work in the factories under strict rules.
They were called “Lowell girls”
 This factory work changed the lives of thousands of
people.
 The machines increased the pace of the work and did
most of the difficult work so the companies could high
less skilled workers at a lower cost and increase
production. Average wage was $1 per week.
 The invention of interchangeable parts by inventor Eli
Whitney changed the world of manufacturing.
 This allowed people to get replacement parts for an
object rather than disposing of it or having to forge
something to replace the part with.
 In 1837 Samuel F.B. Morse invented the electric
telegraph.
 This allowed electrical pulses to travel long distance
along metal wires as coded signals.
 By 1860 the nation had 50,000 miles of telegraph lines.
 Despite the growing size and power of the nation’s
factories, agriculture still remained the largest
industry.