TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
938 Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Civil Engineering Department
____________________________________________________________________
CE 402
Fluid Mechanics
EXPERIMENT 3
Manometer and Boyle’s Law
SUBMITTED BY:
SECTION:
GROUP NUMBER:
I.
SUBMITTED TO: Engr. Fatima Jade C. Ang
EXPERIMENT PERFORMED:
REPORT SUBMITTED:
OBJECTIVE(S):
1. The activity aims to discuss the concept and principle of Boyle’s Law in the determination of pressure with
the aid of the U – tube manometer.
II.
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the activity:
1. Discuss the concept of Boyles law.
2. Demonstrate the use of manometer in the determination of pressure of a fluid.
3. Solve problems involving the principles of Boyle’s law.
III.
DISCUSSION:
Manometer:
The term manometer is given to a wide variety of devices that measure the pressure by balancing the pressure
against to column of liquid in static equilibrium/ the most common types of manometer are:
1. Open manometer - it has an atmospheric surface in one leg and capable of measuring relative or gage
pressure.
2. Differential Manometer- it does not have any atmosphere surface and used for measuring pressure
difference.
Basically, the use of manometer in measuring pressure or difference in pressure is relatively a good technique
in as much as the instrument is simple tube bent in the form of a u and gives precise measurement.
Boyle’s Law:
Boyle's Law is a principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. According
to this law, the pressure exerted by a gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the volume of the
gas. For example, if the volume is halved, the pressure is doubled; and if the volume is doubled, the pressure is
halved.
Boyle's Law actually applies only to an ideal, theoretical gas. When real gases are compressed at a constant
temperature, changes in the relationship between pressure and volume occur. However, the law is accurate
enough to be useful in a number of practical applications. It is used, for example, in calculating the volume and
pressure of internal-combustion engines and steam engines.
The law was first stated in 1662 by Robert Boyle. In 1676, Edme Mariotte of France independently stated the
same law, and it is sometimes called Mariotte's Law. Stated as a formula, Boyle's Law reads:
P1V1 = P2V2 (at constant temperature)
Where:
V1 = original volume
V2 = final volume
P1 = original pressure
P2 = final pressure
IV.
RESOURCES:
U – Tube manometer
Rubber tubing
Funnel
Prophylactic or thin sheet of rubber
Water
Colored Liquid
V.
PROCEDURE:
1. Set up a manometer with a liquid inside the tube.
2. Connect the rubber tubing at one end of the manometer while the other end at the smaller end of the
funnel.
3. Slowly immerse the glass funnel down to the water (in the container) allowing the water to enter.
4. Take note of the difference in height of the surface of a liquid in the manometer. Designate it as h.
5. Also take note the height of water that enters into the glass funnel, designate that as h 1. Record as well the
diameter of the water surface that enters the funnel. Designate it as d.
6. Repeat set up 1 to 5 with other liquids.
7. Evaluate pressure using the formula below:
p1 v1 = p2 v2
π
V = ( 3 ) (R2 + r + Rr)
P1= 101.23 kPa
π
2
V2 = ( ) (R +r21 +rr1 ) (h-h1 )
3
P2 = po +yh2o Sg Hg hg
Newton’s Law of approximation 3rd degree:
h=h-p(h1 )/p(h1 )
h-h1
x=
(R-r)
h
r1 = r+x (h-h2 )/h(R-r)
x r-r
=
h-h1 h
VI.
DATA AND RESULTS:
Fluid
Computation:
d (cm)
h (cm)
h1
P2 (kPa)
Documentation:
VII.
OBSERVATION(S):
VIII.
CONCLUSION(S):
IX.
RECOMMENDATION(S):
X.
ASSESSMENT:
CRITERIA
BEGINNER
1
ACCEPTABLE
2
PROFICIENT
3
Members do not
demonstrate needed
skills.
Members are unable
to set-up the
materials.
Members do not
demonstrate targeted
process skills.
Members do not
follow safety
precautions.
Members occasionally
demonstrate needed
skills
Members are able to
set-up the materials
with supervision.
Members occasionally
demonstrate targeted
process skills.
Members follow safety
precautions most of
the time.
I. Laboratory Skills
Manipulative
Skills
Experimental
Set-up
Process Skills
Safety
Precautions
II. Work Habits
Time
Management /
Conduct of
Experiment
Members do not finish Members finish on
on time with
time with incomplete
incomplete data.
data.
Members do not know
their tasks and have
no defined
Cooperation and
responsibilities.
Teamwork
Group conflicts have
to be settled by the
teacher.
Neatness and
Orderliness
Messy workplace
during and after the
experiment.
Ability to do
independent
work
Members require
supervision by the
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations:
Members always
demonstrate needed skills.
Members are able to set-up
the material with minimum
supervision.
Members always
demonstrate targeted
process skills.
Members follow safety
precautions at all times.
Members finish ahead of
time with complete data
and time to revise data.
Members have
defined
Members are on tasks and
responsibilities most
have defined
of the time. Group
responsibilities at all times.
conflicts are
Group conflicts are
cooperatively
cooperatively managed at
managed most of the all times.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
workplace with
workplace at all times
occasional mess
during and after the
during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
occasional
Members do not need to be
supervision by the
supervised by the teacher.
teacher.
Total Score
Rating=
(Total Score)
×100
24
SCORE
XI.
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:
1. A glass 1.60 m long and having a diameter of 2.50 is inserted vertically into tank oil (y= 0.80) with the open
end down and the closed end uppermost. If the open end is submerged 1.30 m from the oil surface,
determine the height to which the oil will raise bin the tube. Assume barometric pressure is 100 kPa and
neglect vapor pressure.
2. The manometer in the figure is taped to a pipeline carrying oil (y= 0.85). Determine the pressure at the
centerline of the pipe. (h= 0.30m)
3. Give the common types of manometer and discuss their usage and differences.