1
Matthew Landrum
Swimming
I. Standards and Unit Objectives
A. Cognitive
Standard 2 Movement Concepts: Students demonstrate an understanding of
movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning
and performance of physical education.
1. TSWBAT understand safety by recognizing the safety precautions that are in
place, 100% of the time.
2. TSWBAT understand the rules by that are put in place to make swimming class
fun and successful by walking on the deck and not rough housing, 100% of the
time.
3. TSWBAT understand swimming terminology by circling the correct answer on
a 20-question quiz and score a minimum 80%.
B. Affective
Standard 5 Responsible Personal and Social Behavior: Students exhibit
responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical
activity settings.
Standard 6 Value of Physical Activity: Students value physical activity for health,
enjoyment, challenge, self-expression, and/or social interaction.
1. TSWBAT apply rules in situations to ensure personal and group safety 100% of
the time.
C. Psychomotor
Standard 1 Motor Skills and Movement Patterns: Students demonstrate
competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a
of physical activities.
variety
Standard 3 Physical Activity: Students participate regularly in physical activity.
Standard 4 Health-Enhancing Physical Fitness: Students achieve and maintain a
health-enhancing level of physical fitness.
1. TSWBAT float by keeping body straight, on surface of the water on front/back
when asked for 30 sec. 9 of 10 times.
2. TSWBAT streamline (without kicking) correctly to the flags 8 of 10 tries.
3. TSWBAT streamline (with kick) correctly to the flags 8 of 10 tries.
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4. TSWBAT demonstrate front crawl by reaching out with hand to pull as much
water as possible 100% of the time.
5. TSWBAT flutter kick while on the surface of the water 100% of the time.
6. TSWBAT perform whip kick with legs going out then bring them in quickly
every time when doing Breast.
7. TSWBAT perform dolphin kick keeping legs only slightly bent and feet
together all the time when doing Fly.
8. TSWBAT streamline front/back-keeping body straight 9 out of 10 times.
9. TSWBAT enter the water at a 45-degree angle 90% of the time.
10. TSWBAT turn around at the wall with the appropriate turn for each stroke
100% of the time.
II. Motor Skills
A. Floats
1.
2.
3.
4.
Start by tilting head back.
Lay on back with arms out making a T.
Keep hips up almost out of the water.
Breathe in and out slowly
B. Glide
1.
2.
3.
4.
Push off the wall with kick board in hands.
Extend arms out in front.
Do not kick
Go past flags if possible
C. Glide with kick
1. Push off the wall with kick board in hands.
2. Extend arms out in front.
3. Kick.
4. Kick a 25.
D. Freestyle
1. On belly.
2. Rhythmic breathing.
3. Scissor kick.
4. Arms reach out in front of head and pull under the water.
5. Elbow comes out of the water first.
E. Backstroke
1. On back.
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2. Scissor kick.
3. Arms reach out in front of head and pull under the water.
4. Thumb comes out of the water first right beside of the leg.
5. Pinkie goes into the water after rotating arm at highest point with out of
the water with bicep touching ear.
F. Breaststroke
1. Use whip kick.
2. Breaststroke pull.
3. Do not rotate torso.
4. Extend arms out in front.
G. Butterfly
1. Hold your legs together and extend your arms above your head.
2. Kick your legs up and down once in a whipping motion, as if you were
a dolphin.
3. Pull both arms simultaneously and symmetrically through the water
beneath the body along with the big kick.
4. Lift head up and breathe and quickly pull both arms out of the water
and swing them forward. Head and arms reenter the water together in a
diving motion.
H. Streamlining
1. Push off the wall.
2. Arms extended with one hand on top of the other pinching head right
behind ears.
3. Body straight with a scissor kick.
I. Starts
1.
2.
3.
4.
Toes on the edge of the wall/starting block.
Hands on the edge of the wall/starting block.
Push off wall/starting block when the word “UP” is said.
Enter water in the streamline position.
J. Turns
1. Do a flip at the wall and push off with feet.
III. Drills and Leadup Activities
A. Floats
1. Partner holds back up drill
2. Float by themselves drill
B. Glide
1. Push off wall drill
2. Rocket launcher drill- Push off the bottom of the pool like a rocket.
C. Glide (with kick)
1. Kick with kick board
2. Push off wall with kick board kicking
D. Freestyle
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1. Catch-Up drill- With both arms extended above the head, pull with one
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
hand, recover to the beginning (both arms extended forward) and touch
the other hand. Focus on locking your elbow straight when you extend
your arm to touch the other hand. Then repeat with other hand.
2. Fingertip drill -Keep the fingertips in contact with the surface of the
water. You should feel your fingertips "dragging" in the water as they
recover.
Backstroke
1. Single Arm drill- Hold the right arm at your side next to your body and
swim 25 using just the left arm. Focus on rolling to your left during the
pull and back to the right during the recovery.
2. Partner Pusher drill- Partner puts feet on swimmers head and they push
them to the other end.
Breaststroke
1. Double Pull drill- Pull twice, kick once.
2. Double Kick drill- Pull once, kick twice.
Butterfly
1. 3-3-3 drill- 3 strokes with one arm then 3 with the other, then 3 real
butterfly strokes.
2. Second Kick drill- Swim freestyle with butterfly kick focus on second
kick.
Streamline
1. Wall Push Off drill- Push off wall.
2. Rocket Launcher drill- Shoot up out of the water.
Starts
1. Sitting starts on side of wall.
2. Kneeling starts on side of wall.
Turns
1. Summersault drill- Do summersaults in the water.
2. Two Handed Freestyle drill- Swim into the wall and quickly touch with
two hands then push off with feet.
Fitness Activity
1. Intro to Swimming- rules and terminology.
2. Swim any stroke- swim stroke that they know to see how confident they
are.
3. Dive for rings- throw rings at bottom of deep end and go get them.
4. Sharks and Minnows- tag in the water.
5. Pull with out kicking bowie between legs.
6. Basketball in shallow end.
7. Water polo in shallow end- Soccer
8. Underwater hockey.
9. Freeze tag in shallow end.
10. Kick with kick board.
11. Football.
12. SKPS- Swim, kick, pull, swim, Each one is 50 meters.
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13. SKPS- Swim, kick, pull, swim, Each one is 50 meters.
14. SKPS- Swim, kick, pull, swim, Each one is 50 meters.
15. SKPS- Swim, kick, pull, swim, Each one is 50 meters.
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IV. Skill Test
A. Fronske swimming test (Fronske, 1988)
Purpose:
To evaluate performance in the breaststroke, front crawl, butterfly, and
elementary backstroke.
Educational Application:
Initially conducted with college males and females, but useful for testing
experienced swimmers at any school level.
Personnel:
One individual to time the student performances and one to record the results.
Students can hold the swimmers stationary in the water and count strokes.
Equipment and Supplies:
Lane dividers, stopwatch, and scoring materials
Facilities and Space:
A 25-yard swimming pool
Directions:
Students must learn the various starting positions on the five-item test before
being tested.
Front Crawl. The student assumes a stationary prone floating position with the
legs straight, toes touching the wall and both arms extended parallel with the
body. The elbows should be located close to the ears. A student assistant holds the
swimmer at the waist by placing one hand on the swimmer’s abdomen and the
other on his/her back. On a starting signal, the student holder releases the
swimmer and steps back. The swimmer proceeds to swim the front crawl stroke as
fast as possible.
Butterfly Stroke. Same as the front crawl test directions, except that the swimmer
holds both arms straight above to the head in the starting position.
Breast Stroke. Same as the butterfly test directions.
Elementary Back Stroke. Starting from a stationary supine floating position with
legs straight, toes touching the wall and the arms straightened along the side of
the body, the subject when signaled swims the elementary back stroke in as few
strokes as possible. The holder repeats the same action as prescribed in the
previous three test items.
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Floats. Students will have a partner (same gender) if needed. Floater will
demonstrate floating on back.
Glides. Push off wall with hands above head and legs straight after the push off.
Also can be done with a flutter kick.
Streamlining. Pushing off the wall after a turn and doing the correct kick that goes
with that stroke.
Starts. Starting on the starting blocks and diving off to start the race by pushing
off the block with leg/legs and doing a streamline motion in the air and entering
the water with the least amount of depth and splash.
Turns. Turning around at the end of the pool. For breast stroke and butterfly use
the same turn. Touch with hands then feet quick as possible and push off into a
streamline. Front crawl a summersault at the end of the pool with out hitting the
edge and pushing off into a streamline. Backstroke is like front crawl but there is
a twist about 4 or 5 strokes past the flags.
For each skill the swimmer will be told which skill to perform at their best
performance level. If the swimmer shows correct actions for each skill, described
earlier, a 5 will be awarded. If the swimmer does not meet one of the skills for
one of the strokes, described earlier, a 3 will be awarded. If the swimmer does
not show any skill of the action, described earlier, or does not try a 1 will be
awarded.
Fronske swimming test
Name __________
Action
Front Crawl
Butterfly
Breast
Backstroke
Floats
Glides
Streamlines
Starts
Turns
Date _________
1
3
5
8
Swimming Test
Directions
Put name at top of page then choose the correct answer for each question.
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which safety rule should be observed by all swimmers?
Do not swim at night.
Do not swim alone.
Do not swim in unknown water.
Do not swim in water over 25 feet deep.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What should a swimmer do when frightened or fatigued?
Call for help.
Swim a fast crawl to shallow water.
Float or scull.
Hold on to a swimming companion for support.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What stroke is easiest to swim while clothed?
Front Crawl.
Elementary Backstroke.
Back Crawl.
Sidestroke.
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
How do we get from one place to another on the deck?
Sprint.
Walk.
Run Backwards.
Crawl.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What is meant by leveling off?
Swimming on the surface of the water.
Having head at hairline level in the water.
Assuming a prone position.
Performing a surface dive.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
In what position is the body after leveling off?
Horizontal.
Vertical.
Sideways.
Lateral.
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
8.
Why do you keep your eyes open while swimming?
to know if you are going straight.
to know if you are getting to the edge.
to know if you are getting into deep water.
to know if your eyes are getting conditioned to water.
How do the arms move in the front crawl?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
They move continuously.
They pause at the finish of each arm drive.
They pause before entering the water.
They work faster on the recovery than on the drive.
9. Where should each hand enter the water following the recovery in the front
a.
b.
c.
d.
crawl?
in front of the face.
in front of the opposite shoulder.
in front of the same shoulder.
out to the side of the shoulder.
10. What part of the arm enters the water first in the back crawl?
a. wrist.
b. little finger.
c. forearm.
d. elbow.
11. Where should the arms recover in the back crawl?
a. directly under the body in the water.
b. close to the side of the body underwater.
c. directly over the side of the body out of the water.
d. close to the body out of the water.
12. Which kick is used with the butterfly stroke?
a. breaststroke kick.
b. scissor kick.
c. flutter kick.
d. dolphin kick.
13. Which coordination is correct for the butterfly stroke?
a. two kicks: one kick cycle during arm pull and one during arm recovery.
b. two kick cycles at the end of the arm pull.
c. two kicks: the first upon entry of the hands, the second during the arm pull.
d. one to three kick cycles during the arm pull.
14. Which kick exerts pressure against the insides of the legs and the insteps of the
a.
b.
c.
d.
feet?
dolphin kick.
breaststroke kick.
flutter kick.
scissor kick.
15. Why is it inadvisable to pull beyond the shoulders on the breaststroke?
a. such a pull becomes more tiring.
b. such a pull lifts the body out of the body.
c. such a pull takes longer for the arms to recover.
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d. such a pull diverts the forward motion to a different direction.
SWIMMING
Stuff you need to know!
Safety procedures and precautions (walk on deck, no rough housing, don’t swim
alone)
Which safety rule should be observed by all swimmers? Do not swim alone.
What should a swimmer do when frightened or fatigued? Float or Scull.
What stroke is easiest to swim while clothed? Sidestroke.
How do we get from one place to another on the deck? Walk.
What is meant by leveling off? Assuming a prone position.
In what position is the body after leveling off? Horizontal.
Why do you keep your eyes open while swimming? To know if you are going
straight.
How do the arms move in the front crawl? They move continuously.
Where should each hand enter the water following the recovery in the front
crawl? In front of the same shoulder.
What part of the arm enters the water first in the back crawl? Little finger.
Where should the arms recover in the back crawl? Directly over the side of the
body over the body.
Which kick is used with the butterfly stroke? Dolphin kick.
Which coordination is correct for the butterfly stroke? Two kicks: one kick cycle
during arm pull and one during arm recovery.
Which kick exerts pressure against the insides of the legs and the insteps of the
feet? Breaststroke.
Why is it inadvisable to pull beyond the shoulders on the breaststroke? Such a
pull diverts the forward motion to a different direction.
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Swimming Test
(Lynne P. Gaskin)
ANSWER KEY
Directions
Put name at top of page then choose the correct answer for each question.
1. Which safety rule should be observed by all swimmers?
e. Do not swim at night.
f. *Do not swim alone
g. Do not swim in unknown water
h. Do not swim in water over 25 feet deep.
2. What should a swimmer do when frightened or fatigued?
e. Call for help
f. Swim a fast crawl to shallow water.
g. *Float or scull
h. Hold on to a swimming companion for support.
3. What stroke is easiest to swim while clothed?
e. Front Crawl
f. Elementary Backstroke
g. Back Crawl
h. *Sidestroke
4. How do we get from one place to another on the deck?
e. Sprint
f. *Walk
g. Run Backwards
h. Crawl
5. What is meant by leveling off?
e. Swimming on the surface of the water
f. Having head at hairline level in the water.
g. *Assuming a prone position
h. Performing a surface dive
6. In what position is the body after leveling off?
e. *Horizontal
f. Vertical
g. Sideways
h. Lateral
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7. Why do you keep your eyes open while swimming?
e. *to know if you are going straight
f. to know if you are getting to the edge
g. to know if you are getting into deep water
h. to know if your eyes are getting conditioned to water
8. How do the arms move in the front crawl?
e. *They move continuously
f. They pause at the finish of each arm drive
g. They pause before entering the water
h. They work faster on the recovery than on the drive
9. Where should each hand enter the water following the recovery in the front crawl?
e. in front o the face
f. in front of the opposite shoulder
g. *in front of the same shoulder
h. out to the side of the shoulder
10. What part of the arm enters the water first in the back crawl?
e. wrist
f. *little finger
g. forearm
h. elbow
11. Where should the arms recover in the back crawl?
e. directly under the body in the water
f. close to the side of the body underwater
g. *directly over the side of the body out of the water
h. close to the body out of the water
12. Which kick is used with the butterfly stroke?
e. breaststroke kick
f. scissor kick
g. flutter kick
h. *dolphin kick
13. Which coordination is correct for the butterfly stroke?
e. *two kicks: one kick cycle during arm pull and one during arm recovery
f. two kick cycles at the end of the arm pull
g. two kicks: the first upon entry of the hands, the second during the arm pull
h. one to three kick cycles during the arm pull
14. Which kick exerts pressure against the insides of the legs and the insteps of the feet?
e. dolphin kick
f. *breaststroke kick
g. flutter kick
h. scissor kick
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15. Why is it inadvisable to pull beyond the shoulders on the breaststroke?
e. such a pull becomes more tiring
f. such a pull lifts the body out of the body
g. such a pull takes longer for the arms to recover
h. *such a pull diverts the forward motion to a different direction
BLOCK PLAN
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences
Manchester College
FIT: Fitness Activity
SKL: Introduction/Review Skill
ACT: Drill, Leadup,Test, Tourn
Unit Swimming
Steps
Tuesday
Wednesday
Intro to
Swimming
Swim any stroke
Dive for rings
Sharks and
Minnows
Rules and terms
Floats
Glide
Glide with kick Freestyle
Free time
Partner holds back upPush off wall drill Kick with kick
drill and float by
Rocket launcher board push off
themselves drill
wall with kick
board kicking
Catch-up drill
Fingertip drill
Basketball in
swallow end
Water polo in shallowUnderwater
end
hockey
Freeze tag in
Shallow end
Kick with board
SKL Backstroke
Breaststroke
Butterfly
Streamline
Starts
Single Arm drill
ACT Partner
push drill
Double pull drill
Double kick drill
3-3-3 drill
Second kick drill
Wall push
off drill
Sitting starts on side
of wall Kneeling
starts
on side of wall
FIT
Monday
Thursday
Friday
Pull with out kicking
bowie between legs
SKL
ACT
FIT
Rocket
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launcher drill
Football
Written Test
SKPS (swim,
kick, pull, swim,
50 meters each)
SKPS
SKPS
Turns
Skills Test
Relays
Mock Meet
Mock Meet
No Activity
No Activity
No Activity
No Activity
FIT
SKL
Do flip turns at
ACT the wall
VI. References
Allen, R., Armbruster, A. D., & Billingsley, H. S. (1973). Swimming and diving (6th
ed). Saint Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby.
Ankeney, J. (1979). Any child can swim. Chicago, IL: Contemporary Books.
Collins, D. R., Hodges, P. B. (2001). A Comprehensive guide to sports skills tests
and measurement. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Jacobs, B. (2001). Coach & Athletic Director, 71(3), 58-61.
McGee, R, Farrow, A., &, (1987). Test questions for physical education activities.
Champaign, IL,: Human Kinetics.
Winnick, J. P. (2005) Adapted physical education and sport (4th ed). Champaign, IL:
Human Kinetics.