China
 Fill
in map

Government


Religion


Calligraphy
Technology


Ancestor worship, later – Buddhism, Mandate of Heaven
Writing


Monarchies, leveling, civil service
Great Wall, terra cotta, silk road
Society

Division of labor, Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism
 Xia
(shah) people of China
 Farmers
 Early
pictogram writing
 Invaded
by Shang
 1750-1100BC
- TIMELINE
 Government

Centralized -Kings

King : power from harvest


Good harvest – king is in favor with gods
Priests important in government
 Religion

Ancestor worship


Have magical powers
Make sacrifices of food to keep them happy


Polytheistic



Nature gods
Shang-di:ruler of all gods
Oracle bones to predict future



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgSGgB2NDwA&feature=related
Communicate with ancestors
Ask a question- interpret cracks in bone
Animism

Spirits inhabit everything
 Oracle
bones
 Society



Division of labor
Mainly farmers
Family was basis for all daily life

Honor
 Technology




Bronze
Lunar calendar
Silk
calligraphy
 What
are the 3 basic areas in which a ruler
had responsibility ….the “basis of all
creatures”?
 What
will happen to the state if all three are
neglected or lacking?
 In
what specific ways should the ruler serve
the basis of heaven, earth, the people?
 Is
this idea of the 3 fold duty unique to China
or is it seen in other early civilization
 Relate
the aspects of this civilization
(government, technology, and society) to
geography?
 1100-250
BC
 Took
power from Shang because of Mandate
of Heaven
leader leads by ability and virtue.
 leadership must be justified by next
generations.
 The mandate could be revoked by negligence
and abuse; the will of the people was
important.
 Gods support just rulers

 1050-250BC
 Government

Not centralized - feudal


Appointed nobles to rule providences
Built wall to protect
 Technology





Iron
Cavalry
Catapult
Chopsticks
Coins
A new
dynasty
comes to power.
The emperor
reforms the govt.
& makes it more
efficient.
Lives of common
people improved;
taxes reduced;
farming encouraged.
Emperor is
defeated !!
Rebel bands find
strong leader who
unites them.
Attack the emperor.
Poor lose
respect for govt.
They join rebels
& attack landlords.
The
Dynastic
Cycle
Droughts,
floods,
famines occur.
Problems begin
(extensive wars,
invasions, etc.)
Taxes increase;
men forced to
work for army.
Farming neglected.
Govt. increases
spending;
corruption.
 220BC-206BC
- timeline
 Lasted roughly 15 years but brought many
changes to China
 Government

Under Shi Huangdi




Emperor had total power
ruthless
Terracotta Soldiers
Legalist society
 Society


Strong government  weakened power of nobles
Public works  high taxes on workers
 Technology

Standard language and writing


Standard coins and measurement


unity
Easier to trade
Great Wall
 Lasting
Achievement: unified China
 Each
soldiers face is different indicating they
may be modeled after real people
 Archaeologists
have found 2 different types
of moustaches on soldiers

What might this indicate?
 Still
excavating 3rd pit and have not opened
emperor’s tomb
 206BC-220AD
 Began
- timeline
when Liu Bang defeated Qin
 Government


Central government
Civil services


Leveling


Pass an exam to work in government
Price controls on foods
Confucian government
 Society

Trade along Silk Road



Empire was expanded west
Population growth
Public schools


Books on geography and history
Five Classics
 Technology


Paper
Compass
 Lasting
achievement: expanded China
 Shang

Brought dynastic rule to China
 Zhou

Set up basis for future dynasties
 Qin

Unified China

Common language, measurement, currency, writing
 Han

Expanded Chinese Empire

Larger than Rome, more trade and technology
 What
happens to trade?
 What
happens to technology?
 What
happens to society?
Buddha – the teacher
Sangha – the community
Dharma – the teachings
What is the fundamental cause of all suffering?
Desire!
 To live is to suffer
 The cause of suffering is self-centered desire &
attachments
 The solution is to eliminate desire and
attachment, thus achieving Nirvana (“extinction”)
 The way to Nirvana is through the “Eight-Fold
Path”
 Wisdom:
• Right understanding
• Right motivation
Moral Conduct:
•Right speech
•Right action
•Right livelihood
Mental development:
•Right effort
•Right mindfulness
•Right meditation
 Rebirth (reincarnation) results from karma
 Nirvana is a peaceful, detached state of mind
 Achieving Nirvana means escape from the cycle
of rebirth
Once Gautama Buddha died, after 80 years of
life in this world, having achieved Nirvana and
teaching multitudes his way of life, he ceased to
exist as a distinct being
 Buddhism is non-theistic: Buddha is not god
 Theravada Buddhism
 Mahayana Buddhism
 Tibetan Buddhism
 Zen Buddhism
 Buddha



told stories to get his message across
explain and understand the Dharma.
Jataka tales, a collection of hundreds of tales
about the Buddha's past lives.
They show the kind of life one should lead to
become a Buddha one day.
 In
many of these stories, the Buddha appears
as an animal to teach the value of qualities
such as kindness, compassion, and giving
When you read or listen to these very old
stories, if you wonder how much is really
true, the Buddha gave some advice that
might help. He said …
“When you listen to what a monk says you
should test the meaning, weigh or
consider it, and depend on your own
insides to know the truth of it. Then
follow and practice what you know to be
true.”

http://www.buddhanet.net/bt_conts.htm
 http://www.buddhanet.net/bt_37.htm
 http://www.buddhanet.net/bt_16.htm
 http://www.buddhanet.net/bt_6.htm
 http://www.buddhanet.net/bt_4.htm
 http://www.buddhanet.net/bt_18.htm
 http://www.buddhanet.net/bt_22.htm
Confucianism - Legalism – Daoism

Confucius founded and lived in the
Zhou dynasty

Belief: All humans are inherently
good
Goodness is cultivated through
education
 Everyone should be educated


Belief: Every person has a place in
society

Respect and obey ranks of social classes
 Belief:

Most important relationship is parents and children
 Belief:


Relationships are very important
Rulers are expected to be moral and just
So people must obey their rulers
If ruler is not just – overthrow him
 Popular
belief system during the Han dynasty
 Laozi
is the founder and lived in the Zhou
dynasty
 Belief:
Dao is the origin of creation
 Belief: Energy of creation is divided into


Yin: (Black) moon, water, earth, feminine,
passive
Yang: (White) sun, fire, masculine, active,
expansion
 Belief:


Life needs a balance of yin and yang
Keep life simple
Life is generally good/happy
 Belief:
Social order and rules go against
nature


Nature is more effective than the state or civil
institutions
Don’t inhibit nature
 Popular
when Han dynasty collapses
 Founded
by: group in China
 Belief:
Humans are inherently bad and need
order and law

Society only works with threat of punishment
 Belief:


All power goes to the ruler
Work to have more power
Morality not necessarily part of ruling
 Popular
during the Qin dynasty
 All
3 seek to answer questions about
problems in society
 As
a Legalist…..
 As
a Taoist (Daoist)…..
 As
a Confucian……..
You have just been elected as team captain.
Two of your teammates under your charge
were found ditching classes. As team
captain, how do you resolve this issue?
You are walking down the hallway and find a
$20 bill lying on the floor. What do you do?
You are at a neighborhood block party. A new
neighbor has moved in down the street that
no one has bothered to invite to the party.
What do you do?
You hear on the news that your mayor is
thinking of passing a new curfew law
because he is concerned about the safety of
his people. This will make it impossible for
you to see your friends on the weekend.
What do you do?
You have just found out you are failing one
of your classes? What do you do? What will
happen to you?
 Even
if people behave the same way, are
they behaving that way for the same reasons?

Give an example