41: Election of 1828
This was Andrew Jackson vs.
John Quincy Adams, round 2.
Adams won a disputed election
over Jackson just 4 years earlier,
and Jackson was furious.
However, after a brutal
campaign between the two, the
former war hero from the South
became victorious.
Pg. 211
Year: 1828
http://carolineinspace.blogspot.com/2008_10_01_archive.html
42: John C. Calhoun
He was a political figure from South Carolina
who was most famous for his theory of
nullification. He believed that the states had the
final say in federal laws because the federal
government created the states. He had a
powerful rival in Martin Van Buren, who
powerfully rejected the idea. In the end, Henry
Clay’s compromise settled the issue. Even
though Calhoun claimed victory, he knew that
no state could oppose the federal government
alone.
p. 219-220
Year: 1828
http://www.constitution.org/jcc/jcc.htm
43: Nullification Crisis
This was the debate over nullification
between John C. Calhoun and Martin Van
Buren. The two had radically different
views on nullification, which would have
given the states many more rights. In the
end, Henry Clay came up with a
compromise to end the crisis. However, it
showed that the state governments
could not stand up to the federal
government alone.
p. 221
Year: 1833
http://amchsapush.blogspot.com/2012/10/mrsrodriguez-says-more-detail-on.html
44: Trail of Tears
This was the Indian Removal Policy implanted
by President Andrew Jackson. America was
expanding rapidly, and people wanted the land
of the Indians. They were forced off of their
lands in the South into the new Indian
Territory, which is in present-day Oklahoma.
Many died on this awful trek.
http://kirbytd.tripod.com/totimgsindex.html
p. 222-225
Year: 1830-1838
45: Nativism
This was the concern and fear over
immigration. Americans were worried
that their culture was becoming too
mixed and that immigrants were
coming in and taking it over. This is
coincidental because the Americans
came in and did the same thing to the
Indian tribes who were already living
here.
p. 241
1837-1880s
http://instruct.westvalley.edu/kelly
/Distance_Learning/History_17B/Le
cture05/Lecture5_p6.htm
46: The Telegraph
This was an invention created by Samuel
F.B. Morse that made communication much
easier. His invention allowed people to
communicate with each other even if they
were not together. This allowed news to
spread quicker to the American population,
and people were able to communicate
easier.
http://studentweb.maconstate.edu/michael.chitwood/ITEC23
80/final/telegraph.htm
p. 246
Year: 1832
47: The Railroad
http://nbfpl.org/postcards/pc2.html
p. 244-246
Years: Throughout the 1800s
Railroads were created as another form of transportation soon after the canal, and they
immediately became successful. Goods could travel quicker on tracks then they could
on boats. The government put a lot of money into funding for railroads. However, they
immediately became a huge money maker. The government also started building the
transcontinental railroad, which would connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Goods
could then travel all across the country.
48: “King Cotton”
This was basically the Southern economy. The South was able to produce cotton
at an extremely cheap rate because they used slaves to pick it. They then sold
this at a cheap price to Europe. The South relied a ton on cotton, and it was their
entire economy as they moved closer and closer to the Civil War.
http://oecotextiles.wordpress.com/tag/king-cotton/
p. 267-270
Years: mid to late 1800s
49. Romanticism p. 288-291
• A literary movement in the United
States that occurred in the 19th
century and attempted to liberate
the human spirit of individuals
and celebrate the beauty of
nature. People began to have
interest in American paintings. In
addition, there were many great,
influential authors that expressed
romanticism who came to rise
during this time such as Walt
Whitman and Edgar Allen Poe.
http://web.tenafly.k12.nj.us/~aliu/romanticism.htm
50. Transcendentalism p. 291-293
• An expression of the Romantic
impulse that rose from a
group of New England writers
during the 1830s-1850s. They
used a theory of the individual
that rested between reason
and understanding.
Transcendentalists developed
a new appreciation of nature
and two key figures in this
movement were Ralph Waldo
Emerson and Henry David
Thoreau.
http://revthom.blogspot.com/2009/07/lecture-5-transcendentalism-new-nation.html
51. “Civil Disobedience” p. 292
• “Civil Disobedience,” or
“passive resistance,” is a
public refusal to obey unjust
law. Henry David Thoreau
mentioned this idea in his
1849 essay “Resistance to Civil
Government” and he argued
that when government
required an individual to
violate his or her morality, it
had no legitimate authority.
http://www.waterstones.com/waterstonesweb/products/henry+
david+thoreau/civil+disobedience+28ebook29/6929218/
52. William Lloyd Garrison p. 303
• William Lloyd Garrison was a
key figure of the abolitionist
movement and started writing
his own anti-slavery newspaper
in 1831 called the Liberator.
He rejected the concept of
gradualism and favored the
idea of immediate abolition of
slavery. Garrison founded the
American Antislavery Society in
1832.
http://www.biography.com/people/william-lloyd-garrison-9307251
53. Rise of Feminism p. 301-302
• The first American feminist
movement arose in the 1820s
and 1830s. The Grimke sisters
portrayed their belief that men
and women were created equal.
In 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton as well as
many other women’s rights
activists organized a convention
to discuss the rights of women
and put forth the “Declaration of
Sentiments and Resolutions”
which stated that “all men and
women are created equal.”
http://iamwoman-mxtodis123.blogspot.com/2010/04/grimke-sisters.html
54. Abolitionism p. 303-308
• Abolitionism is another term
for the emancipation of slavery
and primarily took place in the
mid 1800s (mainly 1830s).
William Lloyd Garrison was a
key contributor of the
movement along with David
Walker who urged slaves to kill
their masters in his pamphlet,
An Appeal to the Colored
Citizens of the World. In
addition, the American
Antislavery Society was created
in 1832.
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/slavery/file.html
55. Frederick Douglass p. 303-304
• Frederick Douglass is regarded
as the greatest black abolitionist
of all time and was one of the
most electrifying speakers of his
time. Douglass was a slave in
Maryland and escaped for his
freedom to Massachusetts in
1838. In 1847 he purchased his
freedom and wrote an
antislavery newspaper called the
North Star. He also wrote his
own autobiography called the
Narrative of the Life of Frederick
Douglass.
http://www.kpbs.org/news/2013/jan/07/american-experience-abolitionists/
56. Underground Railroad p. 282
• The underground railroad
was a system of secret
escape routes runaway
slaves could take in order to
escape slavery and head
North (used many times in
the 1820s and 1830s).
Although the odds against a
successful escape were high,
many slaves continued to
flee. Harriet Tubman was
know as the “conductor” of
the underground railroad.
http://zmblackhistorymonth2012.blogspot.com/2012/02/underground-railroadescape-to-freedom.html
Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Text Pages: 301, 307-308, 329
• Date: 1811-1896
• Description: Harriet Beecher
Stowe was part of the first
American feminist movement.
She fought for anti-slavery and
also women’s rights. While
Seneca Falls did little to help
women’s rights, it did help antislavery opinions.
www.maine.gov -
Manifest Destiny
• Text Pages: 311, 499
• Date: 1940’s
• Description: Manifest Destiny
was the idea that God wanted
people to expand as far as the
could. This led to the
expanding further west, boom
towns, and also controversy
over whether to make states
free or slave states.
www.historyonthenet.com
Texan Revolution
• Text Pages: 317, 321
• Date: 1845
• Description: The Texan
Revolution was a war between
Mexico and American
colonists. The American
Colonists won and Texas was
made a state, however this led
to the Mexican-American War.
www.latinamericanstudies.org
The Mexican-American Revolution
• Text Pages: 318-320
• Date: 1846-1848
• Description: The Mexican-American War
was a war between the U.S. and Mexico
fought over border disputes. After Polk
sent General Zachary Taylor to instigate a
fight in order to get the land extending to
the Rio Grande River, a war started. The
U.S. won and got all of the land in the
Southwest U.S. from the Mexican Cession
with the exception of the land from the
Gadsden Purchase. This included land
extending to the Pacific and California,
which would help spread the idea of
Manifest Destiny and lead to the California
Gold Rush.
www.nps.gov
California Gold Rush
• Text Pages: 315, 322-323, 405406, 409
• Date: 1949
• Description: The California Gold
Rush was a rush in 1849 to find
gold near present-day San
Francisco. It was full of mostly
all men and also attracted
many Chinese to the west coast
which would create tension in
the future.
en.wikipedia.org
The Compromise of 1850
• Text Pages: 323-325
• Date: 1850
• Description: The Compromise of 1850
was another compromise from Henry
Clay and was made to solve issues
over which states should be free and
which states should have slavery.
However, with the death of President
Zachary Taylor, the compromise was
not signed until months later after
Stephen A. Douglas had already
changed Clay’s rule of a “omnibus
bill” that everything had to be agreed
upon. This left problems in the
compromise which would lead to the
crisis of the 1850’s.
www.pbs.org -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Text Pages: 326-328
• Date: 1854
• Description: The Kansas-Nebraska
Act was signed by Stephen
Douglas and created the
territories of Kansas and
Nebraska. It also declared null
and void the Missouri
Compromise and allowed new
states the decision of whether or
not to allow slavery. This would
lead to the “Bleeding Kansas”
ordeal.
www.pbs.org
Transcontinental Railroad
• Text Pages: 326-327, 341, 406, 434
• Date: 1869
• Description: The transcontinental
railroad crossed over the entire
mainland United States. It helped
westward expansion and the Cattle
Kingdom, but it caused controversy
before it was finished over where
the middle should be located. The
south wanted it to be Saint Louis,
Memphis, or New Orleans and the
north wanted Chicago. The
solution was Promontory Point,
Utah.
www.tcrr.com -
Election of 1860
• In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was
elected president with a
majority of electoral votes but
only two-fifths of the popular
vote. This election ultimately
influenced the south to secede
from the Union.
• Pg. 335
http://upload.wikimedia.org
/wikipedia/commons/4/44/
Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_
shoulders_photo_portrait.jp
g
Confederacy
• In 1861, the Confederacy
seceded from the Union
under President James
Buchanan. South Carolina,
Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Texas made
up the Confederate States
of America.
• Pg. 338
http://www.united-statesflag.com/media/catalog/produ
ct/cache/1/image/9df78eab33
525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/f/l/
flgdecl1000004685_00_confederate-flag-decal.jpg
Emancipation Proclamation
• On January 1, 1863, Lincoln
signed the Emancipation
Proclamation stating that all
slaves inside the Confederacy
were forever free, however, it
did not apply to slave states in
the Union. It established the
fact that the war was being
fought for slavery not just the
Union.
• Pg. 344
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi
kipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/
EmancipationProclamation.jpg/2
20pxEmancipationProclamation.jpg
Robert E. Lee
• In early 1862, Lee became
Davis’ principal military
advisor. He did not believe in
slavery and opposed
secession, but he could not cut
ties with the south so he left
the US army. He surrendered
to Grant in 1865 in a house in
Appomattox.
• Pg. 351
http://www.biography
.com/imported/image
s/Biography/Images/P
rofiles/L/Robert-E-Lee9377163-1-402.jpg
Ulysses S. Grant
• In March of 1864, Lincoln
appointed U.S. Grant as the
leader for the Union forces.
They shared the same belief
in unremitting combat and
killing enemy armies. His
battle strategy won the war
and he went on to become
president in 1868.
• Pg. 350
http://www.biograp
hy.com/imported/im
ages/Biography/Imag
es/Profiles/G/Ulysses
-S-Grant-9318285-1402.jpg
“States’ Rights” Argument
• In 1863, many white
southerners resisted all efforts
towards national authority,
even those crucial to a victory
in war. Some governors even
led their troops separately
from the Confederate troops.
• Pg. 346
https://upload.wikim
edia.org/wikipedia/c
ommons/b/be/Jeffer
son_Davis.jpg
Anaconda Plan
• In 1861, General Winfield
Scott created a plan to
block off all ports and
waterways accessible to
the Confederate states.
This plan was related to
the suffocating of an
anaconda’s victim.
• Pg. 350
http://www.civilwara
cademy.com/images
/anaconda-plan.jpg
Battle of Antietam
• Lee retreated behind
Antietam creek , and on
September 17, 1862, he
fought General
McClellan and the Union
forces in a brutal battle.
Lee should have lost,
but McClellan allowed
him to retreat into
Virginia.
• Pg. 361
http://historoda.
com/wpcontent/uploads
/2012/09/battle
_of_antietam.jp
eg
The Battle of Vicksburg
• The spring of 1863
• Vicksburg was well
protected
• Grant was driving at
Vicksburg on the Mississippi
River
• Attacked from the rear and
siege the town
• Siege made Vicksburg
surrender on July 4
• Hurt Southern moral
• Pages 355, 361-363
The Battle of Gettysburg
• July 4, 1863
• Hooker was replaced by
Meade as the leader of
the Northern Army
• A turning point in the war
• Lee lost 1/3rd of his army
• South never able to
seriously threaten the
North again
• Pages 359, 363-364
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• 1865
• Sherman cut a swath of
desolation from Georgia
to North Carolina.
• It’s goal was to destroy
supplies, railroad
communications, and
the Southern will to fight
(burned towns and
plantations)
• Pages 365-366
Appomattox Courthouse
• April 9, 1865
• Where Robert E. Lee
surrendered to
Ulysses S. Grant
• Page 367
Radical Republicans
• Leaders: Thaddeus Stevens and Senator Charles
Sumner
• They urged a much harsher course of action while
dealing with the surrendering South.
Disenfranchising large numbers of white
Southerners
Protecting black civil rights
Confiscating property of wealthy whites who
aided the confederacy and giving it to freed
blacks
•
They passed the Wade-Davis bill, which called
for Lincoln to appoint a provisional governor for
each conquered state
Congress passed it
Lincoln used his veto on it
• Pages 343, 372-274
13th Amendment
• 1865
• Abolished all slavery within U.S.
• Slavery lasted for more than 200
years
• Helped lead to increase in African
American enlistment in Union
• Increase in African American
enlistment in Southern States
captured by Union
• Pages 344-345
14th Amendment
• Summer of 1866
• It offered the first constitutional
definition of U.S. citizenship
• Everyone born in the U.S, and
everyone neutralized was a
citizen and entitled toa ll the
“privileges immunities”
guaranteed by the constitution
• It granted citizenship for African
Americans
• Page 377
15 Amendment
• 1870
• It forbade the states and the
federal government to deny
suffrage to any citizen on
account of “race, color, or
previous condition of
servitude.”
• It was one of the requirements
for readmission into the Union
• Page 378
Sharecropping
• After the Civil War, June 1865
• When tenants would work on
their own plots of land, and pay
their land owners either a fixed
rent or a share of their crops
• Blacks enjoyed a physical
independence of their landlords.
• It freed landowners of the cost of
buying slaves, and the
responsibility for the physical
well-being of their workers
• Page 382
Ku Klux Klan
• Formed in 1872 as a fraternity for
whites
• They used terrorism to frighten
blacks from voting
• They decreased the number of
republican votes in the South and
increased the democratic vote by the
use of intimidation
• It led to the Enforcement Acts (the Ku
Klux Klan Acts) prohibited states from
discriminating against voters; which
led to federal troops protecting
voters and discouraged the KKK.
• Page 388