LATIN AMERICAN POLICIES
Sec. 22-4 Pages 656-661
• Define: isthmus – anarchy – dollar diplomacy
Roosevelt corollary ( Big Stick policy)“ watchful waiting”
• Identify: Teddy Roosevelt - Dr. William Gorgas Dr. Walter Reed – Sec. of State, John Hay P. Bunau-Varilla - William TaftFrancisco Madero - Porifrio Diaz –
Victoriano Huerta – Venusitano Carranza Woodrow Wilson – John Pershing – Pancho Villa
PANAMA
• Isthmus– Narrow strip of land
connecting two larger bodies
of land with water on either
side.
• Caribbean Sea & Pacific
Ocean-50 miles wide
• 1879 – French company will
lease from Colombian gov’t
the rights to build a canal
through Panama
• Ferdinand De Lesseps (built
Suez Canal -Egypt)- project
fails – ran out of money
• Workers died of malaria &
yellow fever
US BUILDS CANAL
• 1901 – US buys lease from French for $40 million
• Pres. Roosevelt wants canal for naval power
• 1903- Sec. of State John Hay negotiates treaty
with Colombia - 99 year lease on 6 miles –
$10 million - Annual rent of $250,000
• Colombia refuses - wants more money
• 1903- USS Nashville gunboat helps Panamanians
rebel – gain independence
US BUILDS PANAMA CANAL
• Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty – US gets 10 miles strip
for building canal
• Panama is paid $10 million – annual rent
$250,000
• 10 years to complete
• Col. William Gorgas (army doctor) eliminates
yellow fever – clear swamps – destroy mosquito
breeding places
SUMMARIZE
• Vocab term- narrow strip of land connecting two
larger bodies of land
• What country first began building a canal
through Panama?
• What country controlled Panama?
• How did the US get the right to build the canal?
• What disease was hindering construction?
PANAMA CANAL
PANAMA CANAL MAP
US BUILDS PANAMA CANAL
• Lock system allowed ships to be raised or
lowered to ocean levels
• 1914 –Canal opened to any country in world –
canal will be neutral – US will protect
• Saved 7000+ miles from voyage around South
America
POLICING WESTERN HEMISPHERE
• Roosevelt’s foreign policy
slogan “Speak softly and carry
a big stick”.
• Big Stick policy – US would
responds to foreign crises by
using military action
• Keep world from anarchy –
disorder and lawlessness –
society without government
or law
1904-1905 European nations
threatened Venezuela –
Dominican Republic when
debts were owed.
POLICING WESTERN HEMISPHERE
• Germany wanted to
send troops to Dom.
Republic
• US intervenes –
collected fees and repaid
debts
• Roosevelt Corollary –
addition to the Monroe
Doctrine – US has right
to intervene in affairs of
Latin American nations
whenever these nations
seem unstable
SUMMARY
• What was Roosevelt’s slogan?
• What vocab term means disorder and
lawlessness – overthrow a government?
• What country wanted to send in troops to
the Dominican Republic to collect debts?
• What addition to the Monroe Doctrine
allowed the US to intervene in affairs of Latin
American nations when it seemed unstable?
TAFT’S FOREIGN
POLICY
• Dollar Diplomacy –
Encourage bankers to lend
money to troubled countries
to bring stability
• US would profit and gain
power – no need to use
military power.
• US helped Latin American
countries gain railroads,
roads, harbors, mines,
banana and coffee
plantations
MEXICO
• Poor country controlled by small group of rich
landowners (wealthy, Catholic Church, military)
• US investors spend billions of dollars into
Mexican oil wells, railroads, mines and ranches
• 1880-1911 – Mexico ruled by Porfirio Diaz –
encouraged American, British, German
investments. As politicians, foreign investors,
and landowners grew richer, the common
people remained poor.
MEXICO
• 1911 – Diaz overthrown by Francisco Madero in
a coup (act of seizing power – overthrow a
government illegally or by force)
• Americans feared Madero would seize US
property
• 1913 – Gen. Victoriano Huerta killed Pres.
Madero – seized power. Pres. Wilson annoyed by
act of violence – refused to recognize Huerta’s
gov.t
SUMMARY
• Taft’s foreign policy that encouraged bankers to
give money to stabilize a nation.
• Name 2 of the 3 groups that ruled Mexico in
the 1800s.
• What vocab term means to overthrow a gov’t?
• Whose gov’t rule in Mexico did Wilson refuse to
recognize because of violence?
WILSON’S FOREIGN POLICY
• Watchful waiting – wait for opportunity to act
against a government in which he disapproves
• Civil war breaks out in Mexico – Pres. Wilson
authorizes sale of arms to help Huerta’s rival,
Venustiano Carranza
• April 1914 – American sailors arrested in port of
Tampico, Mexico. Pres. Wilson sends marines
to intervene – closed off supplies of guns &
supplies coming from Germany for Huerta.
• Over 100 Mexicans and 19 Americans died in
invasion
MEXICO
WILSON & MEXICO
• European press condemned US
• Wilson allows ABC Powers
(Argentina, Brazil, Chile) to
mediate dispute – Huerta flees
and Carranza takes power in
Mexico
• 1916- Mex. rebels, Pancho Villa
and Emiliano Zapata kill 18
American mining engineers in
Mexico – crossed border and
killed 17 Americans in Columbus,
New Mex.
• Both returned and hid in Mexico
Gen. Pershing
• Pres. Wilson sends Gen. John
“Blackjack” Pershing with 15,000
troops to capture Villa.
• Mexicans angry with US invasion –
Carranza demands troops leave –
Wilson refused
• Wilson will withdraw troops by
Jan. 1917 to send to Europe when
US joins fighting in WWI
• Mexico will adopt constitution
that gives gov’t control of oil and
mineral resources - placed strict
regulations on foreign investors.
SUMMARY
• Name of Wilson’s foreign policy that said to
wait for an opportunity to act against a
disapproving gov’t.
• Name the Mexican rebel the US tried to
capture.
• Who was sent to capture him?
• Why did the US pull out US troops in 1917?