Levels of Organization
ATOMS
• Smallest part of matter
• NON-living
Molecules
• 2 or more bonded atoms
• Form compounds
• NON-living
Macromolecule
• Very large molecules
• Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic
acids
• NON-living
Organelles
• “Tiny organs”
• Made of macromolecules
Cell
• Made of organelles
• Basic unit of structure & function
• LIVING
Tissue
• The same kind cell working together
• Living
Organs
• Tissues that work together
• Living
Systems
• Organs that work together
• Living
Organism
• Entire living things
(organisms)
• Usually made of
systems
• May be a single cell
• Living
Population
• Same type of
organism living
together
Community
• Several populations living together
• Population interact
Ecosystem
• A biotic (living) community plus the
abiotic (nonliving) features
Biome
• Similar ecosystems on earth together
Biosphere
• Whole living layer around the globe
• Includes abiotic features
http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/envisys.html
Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Body
Organization
and Structure
HOMEOSTASIS
The human
body’s
maintenance
of a stable
internal
environment.
My
Beloved
Cells
I will miss
you!
If
homeostasis
is interrupted,
cells suffer
and
sometimes
die.
THE WORK OF CELLS
On a baseball team,
every player has his job.
Cells have their own
positions (or jobs) in
the body!
RED BLOOD CELLS
Groups of cells working
together form a TISSUE
There are 4 types of tissues:
•
•
•
•
Epithelial Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Connective Tissue
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Covers and protects underlying tissue.
When you look at the surface of your
skin, you see epithelial tissue
NERVOUS TISSUE
Sends electrical signals through the
body. It is found in the brain,
nerves and sense organs.
MUSCLE TISSUE
Made up of cells that can contract
and relax to produce movement
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Joins, supports, protects, insulates,
nourishes, and cushions organs. It
also keeps organs from falling apart.
TISSUE + TISSUE= ORGAN
Two or more tissues working together,
form an organ.
One type of
tissue alone
cannot do all
of the things
that several
types working
together can
do.
ORGAN + ORGAN = ORGAN SYSTEM
Organs working together
make up an organ system.
The failure of any
part can affect
the entire system
11 MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS
• Integumentary system
• Reproductive system.
• Muscular system
• Nervous system
• Skeletal system
• Cardiovascular system
• Respiratory system
• Urinary system
• Lymphatic system
• Digestive system
• Endocrine system
Integumentary System
Includes skin, hair,
nails and their
underlying tissues
It’s Function is to:
Protect us from
germs
Excrete waste
Controls moisture
Contains nerve
ending
Regulates body temp
Muscular System
Three types of muscles:
1. Smooth Muscle
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Skeletal muscle
Plus tendons & ligaments
Function: Is movement and protection
.
Skeletal System
Bones & cartilage
Frame & support,
protect, store
minerals, make
blood cells
Cardiovascular
System
Heart, Veins,
Arteries
capillaries
Function:
To transport oxygen
& nutrients
throughout the
body
Respiratory System
Lungs, trachea
and alveoli
Lungs absorb oxygen and
release carbon dioxide.
Urinary System
Removes wastes from the blood and
regulates body fluids.
Reproductive System
Uterus, Ovaries
Function: Offspring
Testes, Penis
Function: Offspring
Nervous System
Includes:
Brain,
Spinal
Cord &
Nerves
Receives and sends electrical
messages.
Lymphatic
System
Lymph Nodes & Vessels
Function:
Returns leaked fluids
to blood vessels and
fights germs &
Disease
Digestive System
Stomach & intestines
Function:
Breaks down food
into nutrients
.
Endocrine System
Glands regulate body functions by
sending out chemical messages.
ORGAN
SYSTEM
ORGANS
TISSUES
CELLS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Explain the relationship between cells,
tissues, organs and organ systems.
2. Compare the four kinds of tissues found in
the human body.
3. Describe a time when homeostasis was
disrupted in your body.
Which body systems do
you think were effected?
T/F QUICK QUIZ
1. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a
stable internal environment.
2. Epithelial tissue sends electrical signals
throughout the body.
3. Blood is a type of connective tissue.
4. The endocrine system consists of skin,
hair, nails and their underlying
tissue.
5. The lymphatic system returns
leaked fluids to blood vessels.