Not as easy as black
and white

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Black Codes: laws
enacted primarily in
the South to restrict
rights of freed
slaves
Continued legal
discrimination
Couldn’t vote, hold
public office; often
served as
apprentices working
for whites


Jim Crow Laws: social segregation
laws that segregated the races in public
places
Examples???
Schools
 Restrooms
 Restaurants
 Drinking Fountains
 Busing


How did they
resist these Jim
Crow Laws in the
South???
 Civil
Disobedience:
peaceful, nonviolent protests
 Examples???

Selective Service Act:
requires men ages 18-25 to
register for the draft
 Opposition: Argued that
it violated the 13th
Amendment which
makes “involuntary
servitude” illegal
 Courts ruled that the law
was developed in regards
to slavery and men are
still required to register
for the draft

Selective Service Act
 What happens if you don’t
register for the draft?
 Unable to receive federal
benefits and take advantage
of federal programs, e.g.
student loans for college
 Rostker vs. Goldberg
 Exempts women from
registration for the draft

Segregation based on a
disease: Ryan White
 Diagnosed with AIDS
(1984) at 13
 School and superintendent
refused to allow him to
attend school
 Upon return, he was
taunted; forced to move to
another school
 Became voice of disease;
died in 1990

Gay Marriage:
legal in other parts
of the world first
 Examples:
Belgium,
Netherlands,
Sweden, S. Africa
 First state to
legalize:
Massachusetts

As of June 2015, the Supreme Court ruled:

States cannot keep same-sex couples from marrying
and must recognize their unions
Kentucky clerk Kim Davis (left)

States that did not
allow/perform Same-Sex
Marriage until SC ruling
 Alabama













Arkansas
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Ohio
Tennessee
Texas
Nebraska
14 States did not recognize s-s marriage
before the ruling

Why were they not recognized under federal
law?

Defense of Marriage Act: marriage must be
between one man and one woman to receive federal
benefits
 prevented Federal Gov’t. from recognizing gay
marriage
 What if a Same-Sex couple gets married in a state
that allows it, but moves to a state that doesn’t?
 The states that don’t recognize it did not have to
recognize other states who did



Ohio 2004 Election - amendment that
would have allowed s-s marriage
Did it pass?
 Not a chance
Why was it strategically placed on the
ballot?
 To get lukewarm Republicans to the
polls to vote for George W. Bush (Ohio
= key swing state in 2004 Election)

Civil Unions: give some of the same
rights and responsibilities of
marriage under state (NOT federal)
law to same-sex couples


Examples: Tax breaks, survivor benefits,
medical decisions, adoption etc. (some, but not
full legal rights as married couples)
Why is making it a federal law so
important?
 Married couples under federal
law receive significant tax benefits



“Don’t ask, Don’t tell”
– Former US policy
regarding gays in the
military
Initiated by …
Bill Clinton



Caste System: social class
determined at birth
 Dalits: former “Untouchables”
who were the lowest members in
society
Today, Indian penal code inflicts
severe punishments on those who
discriminate on the basis of caste
Not governmentally sanctioned
segregation such as apartheid
•In 1806, Great Britain captured the
colony of South Africa from the Dutch.
•When diamonds and gold were
discovered, the British forced blacks
off the mineral-rich land.
•In 1948 the racist Nationalist Party
was elected to power.
•The government established an
official policy called “apartheid.”
•Apartheid – system of legal racial
segregation sponsored by the
government
•The South African government tried
to completely separate the small
number of whites from the black
majority.
•In 1958, the government separated
black people from white people by
making blacks live on reserves
(bantustans), or homelands.
•Several blacks also lived in shanty
towns – overcrowded towns full of
poorly built shacks on the edges of
cities.
Resistance was organized and widespread
African National Congress (ANC)
• Talks begin in 1990 to end the
political stalemate
• In 1994, the government agreed to
an open elections. The African
National Congress, the largest antiapartheid party, won.
• Nelson
Mandela
became the
new
president of
South Africa
“officially”
ending
Apartheid