Chapter 4 section 1
Objective 1.01 – What were the domestic issues & conflicts during the
Federalist period
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2.
3.
4.
The Bill of Rights
The Constitution
The Declaration of
Independence
The Magna Carta
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Structure of our government
Bill of Rights – from the Virginia Declaration
of Rights by George Mason
Cabinet – group of department heads that
help the President execute laws
Capital is in New York
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1789
George Washington
elected
unanimously
Serves as president
from 1789 – 1797
John Adams serves
as his vice-president
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Secretary of State –
Thomas Jefferson
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Secretary of Treasury –
Alexander Hamilton
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Secretary of War –
Henry Knox
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Attorney General –
Edmund Randolph
Organized the federal court system
1st Chief Justice – John Jay
Enumerated Powers – powers given to the
federal government in the constitution
 Expressed Powers – powers specifically stated in
the Constitution
 Implied powers – powers not specifically
mentioned in the Constitution
 Strict Construction – favors expressed powers
only
 Loose Construction – favors loose interpretation
of the Constitution
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Tax on virtually
everything
Limit on goods
imported
Tax on goods
imported
Tax on goods
exported
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Financial Problems
 War debts ($ 57 million) & no income
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Tariff of 1789 – James Madison’s plan to get
out of financial problems
 Tonnage – tax based on how much ships carry
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Hamilton & Madison begin to disagree
1ST PART
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**Tariff of 1789
 Tax on imported goods not
only would earn the
government money but
would also protect newly
emerging American
industry in the north
OPPOSITION
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Some Southerners
 The tax would mostly
affect them since they
were the ones mostly
buying imported goods and
selling their goods overseas
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Assumption Act
 Government should borrow
Opposition
 War Veterans & Southern
Farmers
money to finance itself
 How?
Buy Rev. War bonds at
ORIGINAL face value
rather than disregard
them
 Selling of more bonds
 They lost money originally
 Northerners making
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money off their losses
 The Tariff of 1789 would
pay for the bonds which
was a tax on Southerners
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James Madison
 Compromise – Move the capital from New York to a
southern location – District of Columbia
Washington DC
NY & Philadelphia had other
functions
Foggy Bottom had no other
use but as seat of the
government
1.
2.
3.
4.
The National Treasury
The Federal Reserve
The 1st Bank of the US
Bank of America
**The National Bank
 Purpose
 Issue paper money
 Manage nation’s debt
 Issue loans to government
& individual
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Result
 Promote trade
 Encourage investment
 Stimulate economic
Opposition
 Southerners
 Northerners would control
the wealth
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Jefferson;James Madison
NO EXPRESSED or
enumerated power to
create a bank in the
Constitution.
growth
Washington signed the law creating the bank in 1791 for
only 20 years
Excise Taxes: Tax on
specific targeted
products.
 1791 – Whiskey Tax was
created
Opposition : *The Whiskey
Rebellion
 Pennsylvania distillers
 Result – Washington sent 13,000 troops to restore order
Importance – showed the dominance of the federal
government over the states; peaceful protest only allowed
FEDERALISTS
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Northerners (New England)
Strong national government
Wealthy & educated should
rule
Trade and manufacturing are
key to wealth
Government should promote
manufacturing
Protective tariffs to protect
industry
Loose Constructionists
DEMOCRATIC - REPUBLICANS
Southerners & western
farmers
 Strong state governments
 Strict constructionists
 Wealthy corrupt the
government
 Strength of nation in farmers
 Government should promote
agriculture
 Protective tariffs burdened
farmers
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1.
2.
3.
4.
National Bank
Tariff of 1789
Income Tax
Debt Assumption
George
Washington
George
Washington&&Foreign
Foreign Policy
Policy
1789- French Revolution begins (Americans are split)
1793- French radicals seize control & execute thousands-including
the French KING & QUEEN
•American Federalists were horrified at the French Revolution
•American Democrat-Republicans- applauded the French fight for
liberty
•France Declared war on Britain- problem (the US traded with both
nations)
•Treaty of 1778- US treaty with France required the US to help
defend French colonies in Caribbean= could mean war with Britain!
• 1793- George Washington declared the US neutral
** British begin to intercept US ships carrying goods to French
ports, British inciting Indians in NA to attack US settlers.
US citizens demand war with Britain
G. Washington sent John Jay to Britain to seek a
solution.
Parts of the Treaty
• Jay forced to agree British had right to seize cargo
• US did not get compensation for US MERCHANTS
• British agree to international arbitration
• British agree to give up forts in US (NEVER LEAVE)
• US gets most favored nation trade status
Outcome/Reaction in US
** Republicans attacked the treaty
** Public protests
**Temporarily kept the US out of war with Britain
Also known as Treaty to San Lorenzo
 1795- Spain gave the US the right to navigate
the Mississippi River & use port of New
Orleans
 Pleased western farmers
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Americans settlers flocked to the area between the
Appalachian mountains & Mississippi River.
1792- Kentucky became a state
1796- Tenn. Became a state
Northwest Territory: Chief Little Turtle united the
Miami, Shawnee, Delaware to defend land.
President Washington sends Gen. Anthony Wayne
to defend white settlers.
1794- The Battle of Fallen Timbers- US defeated
Little Turtle and the Miami Confederacy= ended
Indian resistance in Northwest Territory.
12 Native American Nations signed a treaty with
the U.S.
Results of Treaty
•Indians gave up part of S. Ohio & Indiana
•Indians get $10,000 per year from U.S.
•By 1803- Ohio became a state (rapid white settlement
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After two Terms, Washington stepped down
as President (establishes 2 term tradition)
1796 Presidential Election (John Adams v.
Thomas Jefferson)
Dirty politics as “Jeffersonian’s” were called
“fire-eating Salamanders, poison sucking
toads”
Adams won 71 Electoral votes to 68;
Jefferson became Vice President!
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Avoid Political PARTIES
Avoid Sectionalism
Avoid “foreign entanglements” stay neutral
but trade with other nations.