What makes a good or bad President?
Chapter 4 Section 2
PARTISAN POLITICS
Chief Little Turtle
• General Harmar sent to eliminate Indian threat in
Ohio area
– Soundly beat by Little Turtle 1790
• Governor of NW Territories, St. Clair, sent next
– Soundly beat by Little Turtle 1791
– 623 Killed
• Causes panic in America
• Better solution necessary
General Mad Anthony Wayne
• Defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen
Timbers in 1794.
• Treaty of Greenville
• Reorganizes American Military
Jay’s Treaty
• Great Britain began stopping American ships
going to France
• Removed remaining British troops from
American territory
• Improves relations Between the US & UK
– Still having ships and men captured by UK
Pinckney’s Treaty
• Made with Spain in 1795
• Gave the US the right to navigate the MS River
to New Orleans
• Good for western farmers
Quasi-War with France
• As a result of Jay’s Treaty, France began
stopping American ships bound for Briton.
• Ships battling in Caribbean
XYZ Affair
• 3 representatives were sent to France to work
things out to prevent war
• Talleyrand, the French Foreign Minister asked
for a bribe of $250,000 just to begin talks.
– Loan of 12 million
• Pinckney’s response, “Millions for defense, but
not one cent for tribute.”
• Calls for war with France
XYZ
• Causes anger in American public
– Pres. Adams beefs up navy
• Until 1800 the US Navy was to capture French
ships at sea.
• The Convention of 1800 ended the Quasi-War
w./ France.
The Alien & Sedition Acts
• New political party the Republicans rivaling
Federalists
• The Federalist passed Acts to stifle the
Democratic-Republicans’ criticism.
• Extended the requirements to become a citizen
– Could export immigrants
• Prevented people from speaking out against the
Govt leaders
1800 Election
• John Adams was running for reelection –
Federalist
– Alien & Sedition Acts angered many
– VP Jefferson undercut him constantly
• Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were the
Dem. Rep.
– Against taxes & the Ntl. Bank
Election of 1800
• Tie between Jefferson and Burr
• House was split & ended in a tie also
• Feb. 1801, Fed. James Bayard cast a blank
ballot so Jefferson would win.
• Presidential power transferred from one party
to another PEACABLY.
• Federalists had control of Congress and the
army but did the right thing
What does Jefferson mean in this quote?
Chapter 4 Section 3
JEFFERSON IN OFFICE
Jefferson’s Administration
• The Louisiana Purchase was offered by
Napoleon Bonaparte in 1803.
– April 30, 1803 bought for $11.5 million
– Took on French debts owed to Americans
– Total cost being $15 million
• Doubled the size of the U.S.
• Jefferson struggled with the purchase b/c it
was not in the Constitution
About $250 Million Today
Lewis & Clark
• Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were to
lead a secret expedition to follow the Missouri
R. to see if it led to the Pacific
– George Rogers Clark’s brother
• Wintered in IL until May of 1804 when they
began their journey up the Missouri River
Lewis & Clark
• Met Sacagawea would joined them and acted
as an interpreter.
– She brought an infant the whole way
Marbury v. Madison
• Judicial Review est. under Chief Justice John
Marshall
– Courts can determine the constitutionality of laws
passed by Congress.
• “A Law repugnant to the Constitution is void”
• John Marshall
– Gave Supreme Court equal standing with the rest
of the government
Barbary Pirates
• N. African states were forcing European
countries to pay to pass unmolested
• 1801, Jefferson refused to continue payment
and Tripoli declared war
• 1805 marines land and threaten to force a
coup in Tripoli
– Improves situation
• 1815 final ending
Economic Warfare
• 1803 UK & France were at war
• Originally benefitted US merchants
• 1806 GB announced ships going to Europe
needed licenses
– If not searched for contraband
• France said anyone dealing with GB would
have their goods taken
• NO WIN situation
Impressment
• UK was low on troops for the war with France
• Boarded US ships to get deserters and
American sailors
• June 1807 the Leopard stopped the
Chesapeake but could not board
• Fired & killed 3 Americans & seized 4
Embargo of 1807
• Halting trade between US & Europe
• Hoped to force peace
• Repealed in 1809 because it hurt US more
than anyone else
• Inspired manufacturing growth in US
Chapter 4 Section 4
THE DECISION FOR WAR
Non-Intercourse Act
• Forbid dealing with UK & France Until lifting
their restrictions
– Did not really work
Non-Importation Act
• France backed off trade restrictions
• UK would not
– NI Act passed
• No UK goods in USA
– Pressured UK economy to life restrictions
• June 1812 GB ended trade restrictions on the
US
The War of 1812
• June 12, 1812, war was declared between the
U.S. and Great Britain
• Caused by British interference of American
shipping
– Impressment of sailors
• The Indians sided with the British
• 1814, the British Army burned the U.S. Capitol
& the Whitehouse
• What keeps you up at night?
The War of 1812-Western Region
• 1813,
Americans
defeated
British ships
in the Battle
of Lake Erie
– Gave the U.S.
control of
the Great
Lakes
Tecumseh
• Tried to create an Indian Confederacy to
expel the US from the Ohio Territory
– While gone, his army was beat by the US at
Tippacanoe
– Gen. William Henry Harrison
• Allied with Briton for the War of 1812
– Recreated the Confederacy
– Gathering support against USA
Tecumseh
• Used similar methods as the Europeans
– Large picture war as opposed to individual problems
• Brother was a prophet who started the
Confederate movement
– Had visions of a great unified Indian Nation
The Fort Dearborn Massacre
• Fort Dearborn built in 1803 at the important
portage of the Chicago River
• Small trading operations set up around fort
• John Kinzie
– First permanent settler in Chicago
– Typical sketchy Chicago businessman
• Killed rival businessman
The War of 1812
• The new commander of Ft. Dearborn was
Capt. Nathan Heald.
• Indians who prefer British control start to
gather at Fort Dearborn
• Heald is ordered to abandon the fort by Gen.
William Hull.
• Leave all supplies to the Indians
Relief
• Support arrived from
Fort Wayne, IN., led
by his wife's uncle,
Captain William
Wells.
• Son-in-law of Chief
Little Turtle of the
Miamis
Wells
Captain William Wells
• Captured and raised
by Miami Indians
• Previously wounded
in the Battle of Fallen
Timbers, 1794.
– Was an American
scout
Little Turtle
The Massacre
• Heald destroyed everything that was not needed.
– Breaking his agreement with the surrounding Indians
• They had traveled 1½ miles before the Indians
attacked
– More than 55 whites were killed
• 26 regulars
• All 12 militia men
– Heald & his wife were eventually able to escape.
• August 15, 1812
Rebekah’s Ordeal
• Her uncle William Wells rode ahead, turned,
and circled his hat.
– She interpreted this to mean they were
surrounded.
• His horse was shot falling on top of him
– Shot and scalped
• Heart cut out and rubbed in Rebekah’s face.
Rebekah Heald
• The wife of Captain
Nathan Heald.
• Shot 6 times
• She was captured and
eventually escaped.
Eleanor’s Life
•
•
•
•
Prominent trader in
Captured at 9 by Seminole Indians
Ransomed at age 13
Married at 14 and widowed at 24 with 3
children & another on the way.
• Married John Kinzie & lived in the former
house of DuSable.
Kinzie’s Escape
• John & Eleanor with their family escape the
massacre by going up the Chicago River.
Juliette Gordon Low
• The Great
Granddaughter of
John & Eleanor (Lytle)
Kinzie
• She preferred to be
called, “Daisy”
• Founded the Girl
Scouts on March 12,
1912.
Aftermath of Ft. Dearborn
• Illinois militia is mustered and destroys Kickapoo
villages near Springfield
– Militia becomes a mob and is forced to return home
The Battle of the Thames
• William Henry Harrison
defeated the British & the
Indians
• Tecumseh killed
• Was the last major threat to
American settlement east of the
Mississippi
Old Iron Sides-USS Constitution
The Battle of Horseshoe Bend
• 1814, in Alabama
• Andrew Jackson was the leader defeating a large Indian force
• Sam Houston was a Lieutenant at battle; first over the wall
The Battle of New Orleans
• January 1815, after
the signing of the
Treaty of Ghent
– Treaty ending the War
of 1812
• The Greatest victory
for the Americans
against the British
• Andrew Jackson led
4,500 volunteer
troops against 11,000
British
• Made Jackson a
national hero