CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Class 7
Intellectual
Property
Keith A. Pray
Instructor
socialimps.keithpray.net
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
1
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Overview
1.
2.
3.
4.
Quiz
Freedom Of Speech – Students Present
Intellectual Property – Students Present
Assignment
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
2
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Quiz
For each for of IP protection
below answer a - g.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Trademark
Copyright
Patent
Trade Secret
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
3/16/2016
Use?
Restrictions?
Scope?
Owner?
Term?
Governed?
Example?
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
3
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Overview
1.
2.
3.
4.
Quiz
Freedom Of Speech – Students Present
Intellectual Property – Students Present
Assignment
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
4
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
2Channel – Andrew Yee
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
2Channel – Andrew Yee
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
2Channel – Andrew Yee

Social phenomena and large events



Densha Otoko / Train Man
Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Memorial
Neomugicha Incident
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
2Channel – Andrew Yee


2Channel’s anonymity gives anyone and everyone
a say, no matter who they are
Thoughts?
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
2Channel – Andrew Yee

References:



Japan Media Review – Q & A With the Founder of
Channel 2
<http://ojr.org/japan/internet/1061505583.php> (8
Apr 2009)
2-Channel Gives Japan’s Famously Quiet People a
Mighty Voice
<http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2007/0
4/2channel> (8 Apr 2009)
Meet Hiroyuki Nishimura, the Bad Boy of the
Japanese Internet
<http://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/1606/mf_hiroyuki?currentPage=2> (8 Apr 2009)
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
COPA and Online Decency –
Brian Bates




Child Online Protection Act
Originally passed in 1998
Federal crime for sites to provide content to
minors that was deemed harmful
2007 – U.S. District Court put out an injunction to
stop enforcing it
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
What Happened to COPA Since
2007? – Brian Bates


ACLU Vs. Mukasey
July 22nd, 2008 – Struck down in Third Appeals
Court


Violated 1st and 5th amendment
January 21st, 2009 – Supreme Court denies appeal
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
The COPA Commission’s Study
– Brian Bates




Part of COPA was to do an investigative study
1% of indexed pages are sexually explicit
Filters block 40 to 91% of material
Roughly half of sites are outside of U.S. –
possibly outside of jurisdiction
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Section 230 – Brian Bates



Shields “interactive computer service providers”
from liability of information posted on their
servers.
Practical Immunity
Argument for:


“Legal cornerstone” for the internet freedoms we
see today.
Argument against:

Should companies be released from liability just
because they operate online?
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Julie Doe Versus MySpace, Inc.
– Brian Bates





February 1st 2007
Julie Doe lied about her age on MySpace
Julie ended up being sexually assaulted
Julie’s mom sued MySpace for negligence
MySpace won
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Cook County Sheriff Versus
Craigslist – Brian Bates



Sheriff sued Craigslist, saying it was a “public
nuisance”
Said it facilitated prostitution – “erotic services”
category
Court ruled in favor of Craigslist
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Fair Housing Council of San
Fernando Valley, et al. v.
Roommates.com LLC – Brian
Bates


FHC said Questionnaires violated Fair Housing
Act
Ruled in favor of FHC!


Why: Roommates.com populated the possible
values of the questionnaires.
Ex: possible values for drop down boxes
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
References – Brian Bates







Electronic Privacy Information Center. “ACLU v. Mukasey.” Accessed
4/6/2009. http://epic.org/free_speech/copa/
Duncan, Geoff. “DOJ: The Web is One Percent Pornography.” Accessed
4/6/2009. http://news.digitaltrends.com/news-article/11752/doj-the-web-isone-percent-pornography
Thierer, Adam and John Palfrey. “Dialogue: the future of online obscenity
and social networks.” Accessed 4/6/2009. http://arstechnica.com/techpolicy/news/2009/03/a-friendly-exchange-about-the-future-of-onlineliability.ars
“Doe v. MySpace, Inc.” Accessed 4/6/2009.
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Doe_v._MySpace,_Inc.
Ardia, David. “Cook County Sheriff Sues Craigslist for Creating a "Public
Nuisance“”. Accessed 4/6/2009.
http://www.citmedialaw.org/blog/2009/cook-county-sheriff-sues-craigslistcreating-public-nuisance
Samson, Martin. “Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley, et al. v.
Roommates.com LLC”. Accessed 4/6/2009.
http://www.internetlibrary.com/cases/lib_case484.cfm
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Adrian Mejia
Chinese censorship overview


Centralized Internet Access Providers
Filter levels




Router
Software
Volunteers
Businesses
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Adrian Mejia
Google and China, pre 2004

Search problems

Censored pages displayed





Dead links
Disconnected
Difficult to use
Competitor - Baidu
Blocked in 2002


Two weeks
Co-founder Sergey Brin: Popular demand
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Adrian Mejia
Chinese-language Google News



Launched 2004
Passive-censoring
Criticism


Equal information opportunities
Response


Better user experience
Less likely to be blocked
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Adrian Mejia
google.cn


Launched 2006
Active-censoring


“According to local laws, regulations and policies, a portion of
the search results do not appear”
CEO Eric Shmidt

“Evil scale”



Self-censored service
No service
Criticism

google.com accessible



Not all the time
Used more than google.cn
Extra censorship
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Adrian Mejia
People’s response




Mixed
Worry that google.com
would become blocked
Occasional blockage
“The person who makes
it impossible to access
Google”
 “One
click on this
site equals one
pin prick”
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Adrian Mejia
References



Bridis, Ted. “Brin Says Google Compromised Principles”,
SFGate, June 6th, 2006. http://www.sfgate.com/cgibin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2006/06/06/financial/f161937D58
.DTL (retrieved April 7th, 2009)
“Google Censors Itself for China”, BBC News, January 25th,
2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4645596.stm
(retrieved April 7th, 2009)
“Race to the Bottom: Corporate Complicity in Chinese Internet
Censorship”, Human Rights Watch, August 2006.
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/china0806/1.htm (retrieved
April 7th, 2009)
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Overview
1.
2.
3.
4.
Quiz
Freedom Of Speech – Students Present
Intellectual Property – Students Present
Assignment
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
24
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
The Business Software
Alliance (BSA)–Jennifer Hunt

Fights piracy and software license violations

Raises awareness about software piracy

Supports new legislation
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
The Business Software
Alliance (BSA)–Jennifer Hunt


Yearly global piracy study
Microsoft and Politics
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
The Business Software
Alliance (BSA)–Jennifer Hunt

Is the BSA too aggressive?



Supports Whistle Blowing


Attacking small businesses
Unintentional infringement
BSA Reward Program
bsa.org provides tools to companies
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Conclusion – Jennifer Hunt

The BSA helps protect software companies from
software piracy

Some BSA policies are much to strict
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
References – Jennifer Hunt

BSA. Retrieved 04/08/2009 from
http://www.bsa.org/GlobalHome.aspx

Chickowski, Ericka. “After 20 Years, Critics
Question the BSA`s Real Motives” Retrieved on
04/08/2009 from
http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/EnterpriseApps/After-20-Years-Critics-Question-the-BSAsReal-Motives/
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Overview
1.
2.
3.
4.
Quiz
Freedom Of Speech – Students Present
Intellectual Property – Students Present
Assignment
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
30
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Open Source? – Brian Tate

Shared IP



Upstream/downstream
Multiple vendors
Liability/Accountability


“No merchantability”
“No fitness for a particular purpose”
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Open Source IP – Brian Tate
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Software Patents – Brian
Tate

Patent


Spirit of inventiveness
Is software a process?


Computability vs. Algorithm vs. Mathematics
Software Patents



Apple
IBM
Microsoft
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Economic Effect – Brian Tate

Does open source kill jobs and hurt income?


Apple rebound
Redhat vs. Microsoft
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
References – Brian Tate

Images:






http://lindistros.com/images/categories/bsd-big.png
(4/7/2009)
http://http.cdnlayer.com/itke/blogs.dir/8/files/2008/02/gnu.p
ng (4/7/2009)
http://www.thetechherald.com/media/images/200816/redh
at_1.jpg (4/7/2009)
http://www.itts.com.au/Portals/0/Partners/suse_2color.jpg
(4/7/2009)
http://247wallst.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/applelogo1.jpg (4/7/2009)
http://www.brawg.com/blog/images/tux.jpg (4/7/2009)
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
References – Brian Tate





Other Material:
Bellis, Mary. What can be Patented?. 4.7.2009.
http://inventors.about.com/od/inventing101patents/f/can_be_patented.htm
Google. Google Finance. 4.7.2009 http://finance.google.com
Rusin, Zack. Open Source Licenses.
http://developer.kde.org/documentation/licensing/liceses_summary.html
Larabel, Michael. Companies, Developers contributing to X server
<http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=x_server_contrib
utors>
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
36
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

Software Patents



The Supreme Court’s Stance
The USPTO’s Actions
Apple’s Gesture Patents

Gestures for touch sensitive input devices

USPTO Patent Application Numbers: 20060026521,
20060026536, 20080204426, 20080211775,
20080211783 – 20080211785, 20080231610,
20080316183
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

What Apple Claims:

Pinch to zoom
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

What Apple Claims:


Pinch to zoom
Two finger rotation
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

What Apple Claims:



Pinch to zoom
Two finger rotation
Others
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

Can You Even Patent a Gesture?



What is required for a patent?
What do the experts think?
What Would the Effect of the Gesture Patents
Be?

Use by other touch screen and touchpad
manufacturers.
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

Worst Case Scenarios



Violating the Principle of Consistency
What about Windows 7?
Case Study – The FAT file system:




Windows file system up till Windows NT.
Covered by Software Patents.
Became de-facto standard for USB sticks.
TomTom Lawsuit
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

Why It’s So Important



Apple isn’t alone
Multi-touch and gestures are important.
Point of Interest

Apple’s LISA
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patenting The Pinch –
Christopher Pardy

Conclusion:



Apple and others are trying to patent a link
between their multi-touch gestures and program
functionality.
If the patents are approved many multi-touch
systems will have proprietary gestures, or worse
identical gestures linked to different actions.
Because these gestures are become standard
many companies will have to risk alienating
users or pay Apple.
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
References







USPTO PreGrant publication database: http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nphParser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearchbool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=Gestures&FIELD1=TTL&col1=AND&TERM2=Touch&FIELD2=TTL&d=PG01 accessed April
8th 2009
PC Magazine, Apple Applies For Touchscreen Gesture Patent: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,1918674,00.asp accessed April 8th
2009
Wired Magazine, Can Apple Patent the Pinch? Experts Say It’s Possible:
http://www.wired.com/gadgets/miscellaneous/news/2008/02/multitouch_patents accessed April 8th 2009
Engadget, Windows 7 multitouch: it’s a gimmick (for now): http://www.engadget.com/2009/02/05/windows-7-multitouch-its-a-gimmickfor-now/ accessed April 8th 2009
Tech Flash, Microsoft sues TomTom over Linux and other Patent Claims:
http://www.techflash.com/microsoft/Microsoft_sues_TomTom_over_patents_in_case_with_Linux_subplot_40305732.html accessed
April 8th 2009
CNN, Microsoft and TomTom settle GPS software lawsuit:
http://money.cnn.com/2009/03/30/technology/microsoft_tomtom.reut/index.htm accessed April 8th 2009
Microsoft, FAT32 File System Specification: http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/platform/firmware/fatgen.mspx accessed April 8th
2009
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
EULA – Sam Moniz
XKCD
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
EULA – Sam Moniz


Contracts that you
cannot read until after
the point of sale where
money is transferred.
Clause usually is that
if you do not agree to
the EULA you must
return the software
within 30 days for a
refund
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
EULA –
Sam Moniz
Pro-EULA enforcement, New York
Brower v. Gateway 2000
Against EULA enforcement, Kansas
Klocek v. Gateway, Inc.
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Microsoft v GNU – Sam Moniz
EULA
GPL
% of License that
limits rights
45%
27%
% of license that
extends your rights
15%
51%
% of license that limits 40%
your remedies
22%
http://www.cyber.com.au/abo
ut/comparing_the_gpl_to_eul
a.pdf
CS 3043
Implications
Of Computing
Microsoft
vSocial
GNU
EULA-Sam
Moniz
You are not required to accept this
YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND
BY THE TERMS OF THIS
EULA BY INSTALLING,
COPYING, OR
OTHERWISE USING THE
SOFTWARE. IF YOU DO
NOT AGREE, DO NOT
INSTALL, COPY, OR USE
THE SOFTWARE; YOU
MAY RETURN IT TO
YOUR PLACE OF
PURCHASE FOR A FULL
REFUND, IF APPLICABLE.
License in order to receive or run a
copy of the Program. Ancillary
propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of
using peer-to-peer transmission to
receive a copy likewise does not
require acceptance. However, nothing
other than this License grants you
permission to propagate or modify
any covered work. These actions
infringe copyright if you do not
accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or propagating a covered
work, you indicate your acceptance of
this License to do so.
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Reverse Engineering Microsoft –
Sam Moniz

“4. LIMITATIONS ON
REVERSE ENGINEERING,
DECOMPILATION, AND
DISASSEMBLY. You may
not reverse engineer,
decompile, or disassemble
the Software, except and
only to the extent that such
activity is expressly
permitted by applicable law
notwithstanding this
limitation.”
• a person who has lawfully obtained
the right to use a copy of a computer
program may circumvent a
technological measure that effectively
controls access to a particular portion
of that program for the sole purpose
of identifying and analyzing those
elements of the program that are
necessary to achieve interoperability
of an independently created computer
program with other programs, and
that have not previously been readily
available to the person engaging in
the circumvention, to the extent any
such acts of identification and
analysis do not constitute
infringement under this title.
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Warranties – Sam Moniz
MICROSOFT
DEFECTS DISCOVERED
DURING THE PERIOD
OF THIS LIMITED
WARRANTY (NINETY
DAYS). AS TO ANY
DEFECTS DISCOVERED
AFTER THE NINETYDAY PERIOD, THERE IS
NO WARRANTY OR
CONDITION OF ANY
KIND.
GNU
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE
PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS”
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK
AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE
OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD
THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
OF ANY KIND.
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
References – Sam Moniz
Zymaris, Con. "A Comparison of the GPL and the Microsoft EULA".
Cybersource. 4/8/2009
<http://www.cyber.com.au/about/comparing_the_gpl_to_eula.pdf>.
"Faust 2.0". XKCD. 4/8/2009 <http://xkcd.com/501/>.
"GNU General Public License". GNU OS. 4/8/2009
<http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>.
"Microsoft Windows XP Home EULA". Microsoft. 4/8/2009
<http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/eula/home.mspx>.
Brower v. Gateway 2000, Inc., 676 N.Y.S.2d 569 (New York Supreme Ct.
App. Div. [Aug.] 1998)
"Klocek v. Gateway, Inc., et al.". Internet Library of Law and Court
Decisions. 4/8/2009
<http://www.internetlibrary.com/cases/lib_case209.cfm>.
"Shrink-Wrap Licenses - ". Internet Library of Law and Court Decisions.
4/8/2009 <http://www.internetlibrary.com/cases/lib_case209.cfm>.
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Overview
1.
2.
3.
4.
Quiz
Freedom Of Speech – Students Present
Intellectual Property – Students Present
Assignment
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
55
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Assignment


Read Chapter 6 – Work
Expect a quiz Monday on all reading topics to
date
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
56
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Class 7
The End
Keith A. Pray
Instructor
socialimps.keithpray.net
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
57
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Intellectual Property



What is it?
Why is it protected?
How is it protected?
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
58
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Trademark





Unique name, phrase, design, etc.
Use?
Scope?
Term?
What are some examples?
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
59
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Copyright

Protects work in tangible form.


Expression, not ideas
Holder

US Default?

Exceptions?, Transferred? Regained?
Rights: Controls distribution, Controls derivative work,
Public Performance, others?
 US Term?




How are they governed?
Fair Use?
Rationale?
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
60
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Patent

Covers?
Requirements?
Terms?

You cannot patent an idea.


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© 2009 Keith A. Pray
61
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Trade Secret


What are they?
How are they enforced?
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
62
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
How Does Intellectual Property
Protection Apply To Computers?





Hardware design
Programs
Algorithms
Look And feel
Music And Text Sharing
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
63
CS 3043 Social Implications Of Computing
Protecting Software





Patented?
Copyrighted?
Trade Secret?
License agreements?
Open source and free software?
3/16/2016
© 2009 Keith A. Pray
64