Indian Space
Research
Organisation (ISRO)
Presented By :- CHINTAN
Established
Headquarters
Primary
spaceport
Motto
Administrator
Budget
• 15 August 1969 (43 years ago)
• (Superseded INCOSPAR)
• Bangalore, India
• Satish Dhawan Space Centre
• Space technology in the service of human kind.
• K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman
• 56 billion (US$950 million) (2013–14)
1.
• Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India's Space Programme.The
Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was
found in 1962 with Vikram Sarabhai as its chairman.
2.
• S. K. Mitra conducted a series of experiments leading to the
sounding of the ionosphere by application of ground based radio
methods in 1920's Calcutta.
3.
• Government support became visible by 1950 when the
Department of Atomic Energy was founded with Homi Bhabha as
secretary.The Department of Atomic Energy provided funding for
space research throughout India.
1.
2.
3.
• The prime objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its
application to various national tasks.
• India's economic progress has made its space programme more
visible and active as the country aims for greater self-reliance in
space technology.
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully put
into operation two major satellite systems namely Indian National
Satellites (INSAT) for communication services and Indian Remote
Sensing (IRS) satellites for management of natural resources.
Geopolitical and economic considerations
during the 1960s and 1970s compelled India
to initiate its own launch vehicle programme.
During the first phase (1960s–1970s) the
country successfully developed a sounding
rockets programme, and by the 1980s,
research had yielded the Satellite Launch
Vehicle-3 and the more advanced Augmented
Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), complete with
operational supporting infrastructure. ISRO
further applied its energies to the
advancement of launch vehicle technology
resulting in the creation of Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous
Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) technologies.
Comparison of Indian carrier rockets. Left
to right: SLV, ASLV, PSLV, GSLV, GSLV III.
EARTH OBSERVATION AND COMMUNICATION SATELLITES
INSAT
series
•INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) is a
series of multi-purpose geostationary
satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the
telecommunications, broadcasting,
meteorology and search-and-rescue needs of
India.
IRS
series
•Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a
series of earth observation satellites, built,
launched and maintained by ISRO.The
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite system is
the largest constellation of remote sensing
satellites.
IRNSS
series
•ISRO on 1st July 2013, at 23:41Hrs IST
launched from Sriharikota the First Indian
Navigation Satellite the IRNSS-1A. The
IRNSS-1A was launched aboard PSLV-C22.
Technology demonstration
•The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SCRE or more commonly
SRE or SRE-1) is an experimental Indian spacecraft which was
launched using the PSLV C7 rocket, along with three other satellites. It
remained in orbit for 12 days before re-entering the Earth's
atmosphere and splashing down into the Bay of Bengal.
Astronaut training and other facilities
•ISRO will set up an astronaut training centre in Bangalore to prepare
personnel for flights on board the crewed vehicle. The centre will use
simulation facilities to train the selected astronauts in rescue and
recovery operations and survival in zero gravity, and will undertake
studies of the radiation environment of space.
Development of crew vehicle
•The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working towards a
maiden manned Indian space mission vehicle that can carry three
astronauts for seven days in a near earth orbit. The Indian manned
spacecraft temporarily named as Orbital Vehicle intends to be the
basis of indigenous Indian human spaceflight programme.
India's space era dawned when the first two-stage sounding rocket was
launched from Thumba in 1963. Even before this, noteworthy contributions
were made by the Indian scientists in the following areas of space science
research:
•Cosmic rays and high energy astronomy using both ground based as well
as balloon borne experiments/studies such as neutron/meson monitors,
Geiger Muller particle detectors/counters etc.
•Ionospheric research using ground based radio propagation techniques
such as ionosonde, VLF/HF/VHF radio probing, a chain of magnetometer
stations etc.
•Upper atmospheric research using ground based optical techniques such
as Dobson spectrometers for measurement of total ozone content, air
glow photometers etc.
•Indian astronomers have been carrying out major investigations using a
number of ground based optical and radio telescopes with varying
sophistication.
GSLV-Mk III
RLV-TD
•GSLV-Mk III is envisaged to launch four
tonne satellite into geosynchronous transfer
orbit. GSLV-Mk III is a three-stage vehicle
with a 110 tonne core liquid propellant
stage (L-110) and a strap-on stage with two
solid propellant motors, each with 200
tonne propellant (S-200).
•The RLV-TD will act as a flying test bed to
evaluate various technologies viz.,
hypersonic flight, autonomous landing,
powered cruise flight and hypersonic flight
using air-breathing propulsion.First in the
series of demonstration trials is the
hypersonic flight experiment (HEX).
Lunar exploration
•Chandrayaan-1 is India's first mission to the moon. The unmanned lunar exploration
mission includes a lunar orbiter and an impactor called the Moon Impact Probe.
India launched the spacecraft using a modified version of the PSLV is C11 on 22
October 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The vehicle was
successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008.
Mars orbiter mission
•The Indian Space Research Organisation is preparing for Mangalyaan, an orbiter
mission to Mars to be launched in November 2013.
Venus orbiter mission
•ISRO is planning a mission to Venus by May 2015 to study its atmosphere. The probe will
reach Venus by September 2015 and would carry at least five instruments.
Solar exploration programme
•ISRO plans to carry out an unmanned mission to the Sun by the year 2014. The probe is
named as Aditya-1 and will weigh about 400 kg.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation has decided to implement an indigenous Satellite-Based
Regional GPS Augmentation System also known as Space-Based Augmentation System
(SBAS) as part of the Satellite-Based Communications, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS)/Air
Traffic Management (ATM) plan for civil aviation. The Indian SBAS system has been given an
acronym GAGAN – GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation. A national plan for satellite
navigation including implementation of Technology Demonstration System (TDS) over the
Indian air space as a proof of concept has been prepared jointly by Airports Authority of India
(AAI) and ISRO. TDS was successfully completed during 2007 by installing eight Indian
Reference Stations (INRESs) at eight Indian airports and linked to the Master Control Centre
(MCC) located near Bangalore.
The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) is an autonomous regional
satellite navigation system being developed by Indian Space Research Organisation which
would be under total control of Indian government. The requirement of such a navigation
system is driven by the fact that access to Global Navigation Satellite Systems like GPS are
not guaranteed in hostile situations. ISRO plans to launch the constellation of satellites
between 2012 and 2014.
ISRO operates LUT/MCC under the international COSPAS/SARSAT Programme for
Search and Rescue.
India has established a Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in
Asia and the Pacific (CSSTE-AP) that is sponsored by the United Nations.
India hosted the Second UN-ESCAP Ministerial Conference on Space Applications
for Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific in November 1999.
India is a member of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer
Space, Cospas-Sarsat, International Astronautical Federation, Committee on Space
Research (COSPAR), Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC),
International Space University, and the Committee on Earth Observation Satellite
(CEOS).
Chandrayaan-1 carried scientific payloads from NASA, ESA and the Bulgarian
Space Agency.
The Russian Space Agency is cooperating with India in developing the rover for
Chandrayaan-2 and also in the Indian manned mission.
The United States on 24 January 2011, removed several Indian government
defence-related companies, including ISRO, from the so-called Entity List, in an
effort to drive hi-tech trade and forge closer strategic ties with India.
Presented By :- CHINTAN
PRESENTED BY :- CHINTAN